{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:57:41Z","timestamp":1789102661522,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A C-type lectin-like protein (CTL), originally identified as VP12 and lately named Vixapatin, was isolated and characterized from Israeli viper Vipera xantina palestinae snake venom. This CTL was characterized as a selective \u03b12\u03b21 integrin inhibitor with anti-melanoma metastatic activity. The major aim of the present study was to prove the possibility that this protein is also a potent novel anti-angiogenic compound. Using an adhesion assay, we demonstrated that Vixapatin selectively and potently inhibited the \u03b12 mediated adhesion of K562 over-expressing cells, with IC50 of 3 nM. 3 nM Vixapatin blocked proliferation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC); 25 nM inhibited collagen I induced migration of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells; and 50 nM rat C6 glioma and human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. 1 \u00b5M Vixapatin reduced HDMEC tube formation by 75% in a Matrigel assay. Furthermore, 1 \u00b5M Vixapatin decreased by 70% bFGF-induced physiological angiogenesis, and by 94% C6 glioma-induced pathological angiogenesis, in shell-less embryonic quail chorioallantoic membrane assay. Vixapatin\u2019s ability to inhibit all steps of the angiogenesis process suggest that it is a novel pharmacological tool for studying \u03b12\u03b21 integrin mediated angiogenesis and a lead compound for the development of a novel anti-angiogenic\/angiostatic\/anti-cancer drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins4100862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T13:00:46Z","timestamp":1350565246000},"page":"862-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Vixapatin (VP12), a C-Type Lectin-Protein from Vipera xantina palestinae Venom: Characterization as a Novel Anti-angiogenic Compound"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Momic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gadi","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reuven","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska T.","family":"Arlinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt 60590, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A.","family":"Eble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Vascular Matrix Biology, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt 60590, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Marcinkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Temple University College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Lazarovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2115","article-title":"Angiogenesis: An organizing principle for drug discovery?","volume":"6","author":"Folkman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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