{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:08:49Z","timestamp":1774894129814,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer (NK) cells exert important immunoregulatory functions by releasing several inflammatory molecules, such as IFN-\u03b3 and members of chemokines, which include CCL3\/MIP-1\u03b1 and CCL4\/MIP-1\u03b2. These cells also express heptahelical receptors, which are coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins that guide them into inflamed and injured tissues. NK cells have been shown to recognize and destroy transformed cells and virally-infected cells, but their roles in neurodegenerative diseases have not been examined in detail. In this review, I will summarize the effects of NK cells in two neurodegenerative diseases, namely multiple sclerosis and globoid cell leukodystrophy. It is hoped that the knowledge obtained from these diseases may facilitate building rational protocols for treating these and other neurodegenerative or autoimmune diseases using NK cells and drugs that activate them as therapeutic tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5020363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T04:17:01Z","timestamp":1361852221000},"page":"363-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["On The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Azzam","family":"Maghazachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2010.00891.x","article-title":"Memory-like responses of natural killer cells","volume":"235","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. 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