{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:00:48Z","timestamp":1761418848101,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]],"date-time":"2013-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1), produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli, targets a restricted subset of human cells, which possess the receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer\/CD77), causing hemolytic uremic syndrome. In spite of the high toxicity, Stx1 has been proposed in the treatment of Gb3Cer\/CD77-expressing lymphoma. Here, we demonstrate in a Burkitt lymphoma cell model expressing this receptor, namely Raji cells, that Stx1, at quasi-non-toxic concentrations (0.05\u20130.1 pM), inhibits the repair of mafosfamide-induced DNA alkylating lesions, synergistically potentiating the cytotoxic activity of the anticancer drug. Conversely, human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, which do not express Gb3Cer\/CD77, were spared by the toxin as previously demonstrated for CD34+ human progenitor cells, and hence, in this cancer model, no additive nor synergistic effects were observed with the combined Stx1\/mafosfamide treatment. Our findings suggest that Stx1 could be used to improve the mafosfamide-mediated purging of Gb3Cer\/CD77+ tumor cells before autologous bone marrow transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5020431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]],"date-time":"2013-02-21T11:51:51Z","timestamp":1361447511000},"page":"431-444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Shiga Toxin 1, as DNA Repair Inhibitor, Synergistically Potentiates the Activity of the Anticancer Drug, Mafosfamide, on Raji Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Brigotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, Bologna 40126, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Arfilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, Bologna 40126, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenica","family":"Carnicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, Bologna 40126, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, Bologna 40126, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Calcabrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino \"Carlo Bo\",Via Saffi 2, Urbino 61029, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna 40138, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasqualepaolo","family":"Pagliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna 40138, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier","family":"Tazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna 40138, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma 43126, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier","family":"Petronini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma 43126, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Sestili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino \"Carlo Bo\",Via Saffi 2, Urbino 61029, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.450","article-title":"Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections","volume":"11","author":"Paton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. 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