{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:50:58Z","timestamp":1792155058245,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Bacillus cereus sensu lato group contains diverse Gram-positive  spore-forming bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal diseases and severe eye infections  in humans. They have also been incriminated in a multitude of other severe, and frequently fatal, clinical infections, such as osteomyelitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, liver abscess and meningitis, particularly in immuno-compromised patients and preterm neonates. The pathogenic properties of this organism are mediated by the synergistic effects of a number of virulence products that promote intestinal cell destruction and\/or resistance to the host immune system. This review focuses on the pore-forming haemolysins produced by  B. cereus: haemolysin I (cereolysin O), haemolysin II, haemolysin III and haemolysin  IV (CytK). Haemolysin I belongs to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family whose best known members are listeriolysin O and perfringolysin O, produced by  L. monocytogenes and C. perfringens respectively. HlyII and CytK are oligomeric \u00df-barrel pore-forming toxins related to the \u03b1-toxin of S. aureus or the \u00df-toxin of C. perfringens. The structure of haemolysin III, the least characterized haemolytic toxin from the B. cereus, group has not yet been determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5061119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T03:32:11Z","timestamp":1370835131000},"page":"1119-1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["The Pore-Forming Haemolysins of Bacillus Cereus: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nalini","family":"Ramarao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1319 MICALIS-AgroParisTech, La Mini\u00e8re, Guyancourt 78280, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Sanchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1319 MICALIS-AgroParisTech, La Mini\u00e8re, Guyancourt 78280, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01495.x","article-title":"Ecological diversification in the Bacillus cereus Group","volume":"10","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. 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