{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:33:28Z","timestamp":1772768008149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]],"date-time":"2013-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the detailed molecular characterization of two PLA2s, Lys49 and Asp49 isolated from Bothrops leucurus venom, and examined their effects against  Dengue virus (DENV). The Bl-PLA2s, named BlK-PLA2 and BlD-PLA2, are composed of 121 and 122 amino acids determined by automated sequencing of the native proteins and peptides produced by digestion with trypsin. They contain fourteen cysteines with pIs of 9.05 and 8.18 for BlK- and BlD-PLA2s, and show a high degree of sequence similarity to homologous snake venom PLA2s, but may display different biological effects. Molecular masses of 13,689.220 (Lys49) and 13,978.386 (Asp49) were determined by mass spectrometry. DENV causes a prevalent arboviral disease in humans, and no clinically approved antiviral therapy is currently available to treat DENV infections. The maximum non-toxic concentration of the proteins to LLC-MK2 cells determined by MTT assay was 40 \u00b5g\/mL for Bl-PLA2s (pool) and 20 \u00b5g\/mL for each isoform. Antiviral effects of  Bl-PLA2s were assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Bl-PLA2s were able to reduce DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 serotypes in LLC-MK2 cells infection. Our data provide further insight into the structural properties and their antiviral activity against DENV, opening up possibilities for biotechnological applications of these Bl-PLA2s as tools  of research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5101780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]],"date-time":"2013-10-15T12:47:44Z","timestamp":1381841264000},"page":"1780-1798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Lys49 and Asp49 Phospholipases A2 from Snake Venom and Their Antiviral Activities  against Dengue virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alzira","family":"Cecilio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Health, Research and Development Center,  Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Caldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Health, Research and Development Center,  Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raiana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Health, Research and Development Center,  Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Health, Research and Development Center,  Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Estev\u00e3o-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Dept. Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Fuly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University Fluminense, RJ 24220-008, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Eble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Dept. Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eladio","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6315-0","article-title":"Snake venom components and their applications in biomedicine","volume":"63","author":"Koh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. 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