{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:32:01Z","timestamp":1777613521091,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-chain scorpion toxins with four disulfide bridges exhibit various pharmacological features towards the different voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes. However, the toxin production still remains a huge challenge. Here, we reported the effects of different expression vectors on the pharmacological properties of a novel toxin Bm\u03b1TX47 from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch. The recombinant Bm\u03b1TX47 was obtained using the expression vector pET-14b and pET-28a, respectively. Pharmacological experiments showed that the recombinant Bm\u03b1TX47 was a new \u03b1-scorpion toxin which could inhibit the fast inactivation of rNav1.2, mNav1.4 and hNav1.5 channels. Importantly, the different expression vectors were found to strongly affect Bm\u03b1TX47 pharmacological activities while toxins were obtained by the same expression and purification procedures. When 10 \u00b5M recombinant Bm\u03b1TX47 from the pET-28a vector was applied, the values of I5ms\/Ipeak for rNav1.2, mNav1.4 and hNav1.5 channels were 44.12% \u00b1 3.17%, 25.40% \u00b1 4.89% and 65.34% \u00b1 3.86%, respectively, which were better than those values of 11.33% \u00b1 1.46%, 15.96% \u00b1 1.87% and 5.24% \u00b1 2.38% for rNav1.2, mNav1.4 and hNav1.5 channels delayed by 10 \u00b5M recombinant Bm\u03b1TX47 from the pET-14b vector. The dose-response experiments further indicated the EC50 values of recombinant Bm\u03b1TX47 from the pET-28a vector were 7262.9 \u00b1 755.9 nM for rNav1.2 channel and 1005.8 \u00b1 118.6 nM for hNav1.5 channel, respectively. Together, these findings highlighted the important role of expression vectors in scorpion toxin pharmacological properties, which would accelerate the understanding of the structure-function relationships of scorpion toxins and promote the potential application of toxins in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6030816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T11:03:00Z","timestamp":1393412580000},"page":"816-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characterization of a Novel Bm\u03b1TX47 Toxin Modulating Sodium Channels: The Crucial Role of Expression Vectors in  Toxin Pharmacological Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,  Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingna","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,  Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honglian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,  Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,  Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songping","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,  Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingliang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,  Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.224204","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channels at 60: Structure, function and pathophysiology","volume":"590","author":"Catterall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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