{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:51:36Z","timestamp":1792428696804,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used to treat a variety of ailments, and its therapeutic application in lower urinary tract disorders (LUTDs) is well studied. Robust evidence supporting the efficacy and tolerability of BoNT in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) has led to regulatory approval for these conditions. Use of BoNT in the treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia has demonstrated some promise, but is still evolving and off-label for these indications. Trials to date do not support the use of BoNT for benign prostatic hyperplasia. This comprehensive review outlines the mechanisms of BoNT in the treatment of LUTDs in adults and presents background and updated data examining the efficacy and adverse events associated with the use of BoNT in common urologic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8040088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T11:40:54Z","timestamp":1458733254000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Use of Botulinum Toxin A in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Disorders: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Dmochowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.12.006","article-title":"Botulinal neurotoxins: Revival of an old killer","volume":"5","author":"Montecucco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. 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