{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:56:25Z","timestamp":1791644185124,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]],"date-time":"2016-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bee venom has long been used to treat various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Previously, we reported that bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) has an anti-inflammatory effect through the induction of regulatory T cells. Radiotherapy is a common anti-cancer method, but often causes adverse effects, such as inflammation. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of bvPLA2 in radiation-induced acute lung inflammation. Mice were focally irradiated with 75 Gy of X-rays in the lung and administered bvPLA2 six times after radiation. To evaluate the level of inflammation, the number of immune cells, mRNA level of inflammatory cytokine, and histological changes in the lung were measured. BvPLA2 treatment reduced the accumulation of immune cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. In addition, bvPLA2 treatment decreased inflammasome-, chemokine-, cytokine- and fibrosis-related genes\u2019 mRNA expression. The histological results also demonstrated the attenuating effect of bvPLA2 on radiation-induced lung inflammation. Furthermore, regulatory T cell depletion abolished the therapeutic effects of bvPLA2 in radiation-induced pneumonitis, implicating the anti-inflammatory effects of bvPLA2 are dependent upon regulatory T cells. These results support the therapeutic potential of bvPLA2 in radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8050131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1462184231000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Regulatory T Cells Contribute to the Inhibition of Radiation-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation via Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8699-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dasom","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6250-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gihyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hwa","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soojin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hwa","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0299-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsu","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(98)80082-4","article-title":"Immunotherapy of allergy: Anergy, deletion, and immune deviation","volume":"10","author":"Rolland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.10.035","article-title":"Bee venom injection produces a peripheral anti-inflammatory effect by activation of a nitric oxide-dependent spinocoeruleus pathway","volume":"430","author":"Yoon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21296","article-title":"Anti-cancer effect of bee venom in prostate cancer cells through activation of caspase pathway via inactivation of nf-kappab","volume":"71","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.04.030","article-title":"Effectiveness of acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture in idiopathic parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.05.002","article-title":"Venom therapy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Mirshafiey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118963","article-title":"Epitope-specific T cell tolerance to phospholipase A2 in bee venom immunotherapy and recovery by IL-2 and IL-15 in vitro","volume":"98","author":"Akdis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(96)03075-8","article-title":"The bee venom test: A new tonic-pain test","volume":"66","author":"Lariviere","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8020048","article-title":"Bee venom phospholipase A(2): Yesterday\u2019s enemy becomes today\u2019s friend","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyt014","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: A historical overview of clinical studies","volume":"43","author":"Onishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2580","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer","volume":"143","author":"Simone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.08.058","article-title":"Radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis: Mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and implications for future research","volume":"66","author":"Tsoutsou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1931.1","article-title":"Links between innate immunity and normal tissue radiobiology","volume":"173","author":"Schaue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(03)00034-1","article-title":"Radiation-induced lung injury","volume":"13","author":"Marks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181d32e74","article-title":"Cancer and inflammation: Promise for biologic therapy","volume":"33","author":"Demaria","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103212","article-title":"Caspase-1 has both proinflammatory and regulatory properties in helicobacter infections, which are differentially mediated by its substrates IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18","volume":"188","author":"Hitzler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412820200","article-title":"Nf-\u0138B- and C\/EBP\u03b2-driven interleukin-1\u03b2 gene expression and PAK1-mediated caspase-1 activation play essential roles in interleukin-1\u03b2 release from helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages","volume":"280","author":"Basak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/386619a0","article-title":"Caspase-1 processes IFN-g-inducing factor and regulates LPS-induced IFN-g production","volume":"386","author":"Ghayur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.14.5227","article-title":"Identification of a monocyte specific pre-interleukin 1\u03b2 convertase activity","volume":"86","author":"Kostura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"248585","article-title":"Catechins and sialic acid attenuate helicobacter pylori-triggered epithelial caspase-1 activity and eradicate helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"2013","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2012.0076","article-title":"Acupuncture for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A retrospective case-control study","volume":"19","author":"Ko","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500386","article-title":"Bee venom phospholipase A2, a novel FOXP3+ regulatory T cell inducer, protects dopaminergic neurons by modulating neuroinflammatory responses in a mouse model of parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"195","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.147","article-title":"Phospholipase A2 inhibits cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating regulatory T cells by the CD206 mannose receptor","volume":"88","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.76","article-title":"Bee venom phospholipase A2 suppresses allergic airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model through the induction of regulatory T cells","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90954-G","article-title":"Changes in plasma TGF \u03b2 levels during pulmonary radiotherapy as a predictor of the risk of developing radiation pneumonitis","volume":"30","author":"Anscher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.10.005","article-title":"Bee venom ameliorates ovalbumin induced allergic asthma via modulating CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice","volume":"61","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"879845","article-title":"Bee venom mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in mice","volume":"2013","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000329731","article-title":"Bee venom-associated TH1\/TH2 immunoglobulin class switching results in immune tolerance of NZB\/W F1 murine lupus nephritis","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00080","article-title":"CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory tregs inhibit fibrocyte recruitment and fibrosis via suppression of FGF-9 production in the TGF-\u03b21 exposed murine lung","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200812-1936OC","article-title":"Global impairment of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"179","author":"Kotsianidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-176","article-title":"The effects of gamijinhae-tang on elastase\/lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in an animal model of acute lung injury","volume":"13","author":"Sohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.070","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with lung cancer previously treated with thoracic radiation","volume":"78","author":"Kelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1522.1","article-title":"Dietary curcumin increases antioxidant defenses in lung, ameliorates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and improves survival in mice","volume":"173","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2015.02.019","article-title":"The inflammasome accelerates radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice","volume":"39","author":"Sohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"470","article-title":"A phase I study of the safety of honeybee venom extract as a possible treatment for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Castro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.06.006","article-title":"The nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects of bee venom injection and therapy: A double-edged sword","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S237","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800033-JLR200","article-title":"Phospholipase A2 structure\/function, mechanism, and signaling","volume":"50","author":"Burke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812569106","article-title":"Secretory phospholipase A2-IID is an effector molecule of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"106","author":"Schmitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9528412","article-title":"Active site of bee venom phospholipase A2: The role of histidine-34, aspartate-64 and tyrosine-87","volume":"35","author":"Annand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.006","article-title":"Bee venom phospholipase A2 induces a primary type 2 response that is dependent on the receptor ST2 and confers protective immunity","volume":"39","author":"Palm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"490804","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cytokines: Important immunoregulatory factors contributing to chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis","volume":"2012","author":"Sultani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemother Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1483","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 induces FOXP3 gene expression and T regulatory cell function in human CD4+ T cells","volume":"175","author":"Baratelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1432","article-title":"Multipotent stromal cells induce human regulatory T cells through a novel pathway involving skewing of monocytes toward anti-inflammatory macrophages","volume":"31","author":"Melief","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13085","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300314110","article-title":"Inflammatory monocytes are potent antitumor effectors controlled by regulatory CD4+ T cells","volume":"110","author":"Pommier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Qiu, S.J., She, W.M., Wang, F.P., Gao, H., Li, L., Tu, C.T., Wang, J.Y., Shen, X.Z., and Jiang, W. (2012). Significance of the balance between regulatory T (TREG) and T helper 17 (TH17) cells during hepatitis B virus related liver fibrosis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039307"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01847.x","article-title":"Camp and EPAC in the regulation of tissue fibrosis","volume":"166","author":"Insel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L144","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00492.2005","article-title":"Cox-2-derived prostacyclin protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"291","author":"Lovgren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2005.03.013","article-title":"Pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: Altered B cell function is the key linking systemic autoimmunity and tissue fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2433","article-title":"C-reactive protein levels and survival in patients with moderate to very severe copd","volume":"133","author":"Casanova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-506OC","article-title":"Use of plasma biomarkers at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"174","author":"Hurst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-704OC","article-title":"Systemic and upper and lower airway inflammation at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"173","author":"Hurst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.2.317","article-title":"Effect of interactions between lower airway bacterial and rhinoviral infection in exacerbations of copd","volume":"129","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.034181","article-title":"Inflammatory markers are associated with ventilatory limitation and muscle dysfunction in obstructive lung disease in well functioning elderly subjects","volume":"61","author":"Yende","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.3.3690","article-title":"Airway hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction in transgenic mice. Morphologic correlates in mice overexpressing interleukin (IL)-11 and IL-6 in the lung","volume":"22","author":"Kuhn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2010.01.010","article-title":"Radiation pulmonary toxicity: From mechanisms to management","volume":"20","author":"Graves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090737","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 regulation of immune responses","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142","article-title":"IL-13 effector functions","volume":"21","author":"Wynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30595","article-title":"Infectious disease, the innate immune response, and fibrosis","volume":"117","author":"Meneghin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08100","article-title":"T cells dampen innate immune responses through inhibition of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes","volume":"460","author":"Guarda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(94)80198-3","article-title":"Transfer of CD4+ T cells to C.B-17 scid mice: A model to study th1 and TH2 cell differentiation and regulation in vivo","volume":"145","author":"Powrie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Res. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(03)81008-8","article-title":"Control of autoimmunity by naturally arising regulatory CD4+ T cells","volume":"81","author":"Hori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrt234","article-title":"Development of a small animal model to simulate clinical stereotactic body radiotherapy-induced central and peripheral lung injuries","volume":"55","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201202-0320ST","article-title":"An official american thoracic society clinical practice guideline: The clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis in interstitial lung disease","volume":"185","author":"Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181ce6604","article-title":"Overexpression of the mammalian target of rapamycin: A novel biomarker for poor survival in resected early stage non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"5","author":"Dhillon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Toxins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/8\/5\/131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:23:09Z","timestamp":1760210589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/8\/5\/131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["toxins8050131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins8050131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]]}}}