{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:09:16Z","timestamp":1762542556906,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,25]],"date-time":"2016-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetanus is caused by the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is one of the most dreaded diseases especially in the developing countries. The current vaccine against tetanus is based on an inactivated tetanus toxin, which is effective but has many drawbacks. In our previous study, we developed a recombinant tetanus vaccine based on protein TeNT-Hc, with clear advantages over the toxoid vaccine in terms of production, characterization, and homogeneity. In this study, the titers, growth extinction, and persistence of specific antibodies induced by the two types of vaccine in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys were compared. The booster vaccination efficacy of the two types of vaccines at different time points and protection mechanism in animals were also compared. The recombinant tetanus vaccine induced persistent and better antibody titers and strengthened the immunity compared with the commercially available toxoid vaccine in animals. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the development of a safe and effective recombinant tetanus vaccine to enhance the immunity of adolescents and adults as a substitute for the current toxoid vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8070194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]],"date-time":"2016-06-27T12:56:01Z","timestamp":1467032161000},"page":"194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative Immunogenicity of the Tetanus Toxoid and Recombinant Tetanus Vaccines in Mice, Rats, and Cynomolgus Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6431-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,25]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Walter, J.B., and Talbot, I.C. 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