{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:37:02Z","timestamp":1791653822332,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq grants (Science without Borders","award":["209871\/2013-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209871\/2013-0"]}]},{"name":"CNPq grants (Science without Borders","award":["143472\/2011-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["143472\/2011-9"]}]},{"name":"F.W.O.-Vlaanderen","award":["G.A071.10N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G.A071.10N"]}]},{"name":"F.W.O.-Vlaanderen","award":["GOE3414N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOE3414N"]}]},{"name":"Inter-University Attraction Poles Program, Belgian State, Belgian Science Policy","award":["IUAP 7\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUAP 7\/10"]}]},{"name":"Inter-University Attraction Poles Program, Belgian State, Belgian Science Policy","award":["IUAP 7\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUAP 7\/13"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT\/12\/081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT\/12\/081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GOA 12\/016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOA 12\/016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, several families of peptide toxins specifically interacting with ion channels in scorpion venom have been described. One of these families comprise peptide toxins (called KTxs), known to modulate potassium channels. Thus far, 202 KTxs have been reported, belonging to several subfamilies of KTxs (called \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3, \u03ba, \u03b4, and \u03bb-KTxs). Here we report on a previously described orphan toxin from Tityus serrulatus venom, named Ts11. We carried out an in-depth structure-function analysis combining 3D structure elucidation of Ts11 and electrophysiological characterization of the toxin. The Ts11 structure is highlighted by an Inhibitor Cystine Knot (ICK) type scaffold, completely devoid of the classical secondary structure elements (\u03b1-helix and\/or \u03b2-strand). This has, to the best of our knowledge, never been described before for scorpion toxins and therefore represents a novel, 6th type of structural fold for these scorpion peptides. On the basis of their preferred interaction with voltage-gated K channels, as compared to all the other targets tested, it can be postulated that Ts11 is the first member of a new subfamily, designated as \u03b5-KTx.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8100288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1475230016000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Structural and Functional Elucidation of Peptide Ts11 Shows Evidence of a Novel Subfamily of Scorpion Venom Toxins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Cremonez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxinas Animais, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohitosh","family":"Maiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), P.O. Box 922, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Peigneur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&amp;N2, P.O. Box 922, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Cassoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Waelkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), P.O. Box 922, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7066-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eveline","family":"Lescrinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), P.O. Box 922, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piet","family":"Herdewijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), P.O. Box 922, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"De Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6712-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxinas Animais, Departamento de F\u00edsica e Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Tytgat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology &amp; Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&amp;N2, P.O. Box 922, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031860","article-title":"Diversity of folds in animal toxins acting on ion channels","volume":"378","author":"Mouhat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, B., Harvey, P.J., Craik, D.J., Ronjat, M., De Waard, M., and Zhu, S. (2013). Functional evolution of scorpion venom peptides with an inhibitor cystine knot fold. Biosci. 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