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Although thousands of peptide toxins have been identified from venoms of numerous species of spiders, many unknown species urgently need to be investigated. In this study, a novel sodium channel inhibitor, \u00b5-TRTX-Hl1a, was identified from the venom of Haplopelma lividum. It contained eight cysteines and formed a conserved cysteine pattern of ICK motif. \u00b5-TRTX-Hl1a inhibited the TTX-resistant (TTX-r) sodium channel current rather than the TTX-sensitive (TTX-s) sodium channel current. Meanwhile, \u00b5-TRTX-Hl1a selectively inhibited NaV1.8 with an IC50 value of 2.19 \u03bcM. Intraperitoneal injection of \u00b5-TRTX-Hl1a dose-dependently reduced inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rodent models of formalin-induced paw licking, tail-flicking, acetic acid-induced writhing, and hot plate test. It showed a better analgesic effect than morphine in inflammatory pain and equipotent effect to morphine in neuropathic pain. These findings demonstrate that \u00b5-TRTX-Hl1a might be a valuable tool for physiology studies on NaV1.8 and a promising lead molecule for pain therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T11:22:14Z","timestamp":1482924134000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Novel Toxin from Haplopelma lividum Selectively Inhibits the NaV1.8 Channel and Possesses Potent Analgesic Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"},{"name":"United Laboratory of Natural Peptide of University of Science and Technology of China &amp; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"},{"name":"Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honggang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark"},{"name":"The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense 5230, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences &amp; 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