{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:30:55Z","timestamp":1790965855965,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21307082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21307082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20977062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20977062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality in China","award":["13ZR1421700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13ZR1421700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global usage of veterinary antibiotics is significant. Antibiotics can be released into aquatic environments and elicit toxic effects on non-target organisms. In this study, the growth characteristics and toxin release of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were examined to investigate the physiological effects of tetracycline antibiotics on aquatic life. Results showed that the degree of toxicities of the following target antibiotics was TC (tetracycline hydrochloride) &gt; CTC (chlortetracycline hydrochloride) &gt; OTC (oxytetracycline hydrochloride) in terms of growth parameters, EC10 (0.63, 1.86, and 3.02 mg\/L, respectively), and EC20 (1.58, 4.09, and 4.86 mg\/L, respectively) values. These antibiotics inhibited the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) to varying degrees. CTC interfered M. aeruginosa cells and decreased their ability to release MC-LR, but this antibiotic stimulated the ability of these cells to synthesize MC-LR at 2 and 5 mg\/L. OTC elicited a relatively weaker toxicity than CTC did and reduced MC-LR release. TC was the most toxic among the three antibiotics, and this antibiotic simultaneously reduced intracellular and extracellular MC-LR equivalents. Our results helped elucidate the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on M. aeruginosa, which is essential for environmental evaluation and protection. Our results are also helpful for guiding the application of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9020053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T11:40:52Z","timestamp":1487763652000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Toxin Release of Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa after Exposure to Typical Tetracycline Antibiotic Contaminants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lumei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) of Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingru","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiejing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00449-X","article-title":"Effects of the antibiotics oxytetracycline and tylosin on soil fauna","volume":"40","author":"Baguer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European Commission (IP\/02\/1720) Byrne welcomes Parliament vote on safer rules for feed additives prohibition of antibiotics as growth promoters confirmed. 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