{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:14:45Z","timestamp":1760242485505,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]],"date-time":"2017-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/00798-2","2012\/10993-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/00798-2","2012\/10993-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like protein isolated from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom, which induces endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg\u00b7kg\u22121, via intra-arterial) on oxidative stress biomarkers, histological alterations, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, and the degree of vascularization in the liver of the freshwater fish tra\u00edra, Hoplias malabaricus, seven days after the initiation of therapy. ALT-C treatment increased VEGF levels and hepatic angiogenesis. ALT-C also enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, decreasing the basal oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in the fish liver. These results indicate that ALT-C improved hepatic tissue and may play a crucial role in tissue regeneration mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9100307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]],"date-time":"2017-09-28T11:22:44Z","timestamp":1506597764000},"page":"307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a Disintegrin-Like Cys-Rich Protein Isolated from the Venom of the Snake Rhinocerophis alternatus, Stimulates Angiogenesis and Antioxidant Defenses in the Liver of Freshwater Fish, Hoplias malabaricus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heloisa","family":"Selistre-de-Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Driele","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Kalinin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Rantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of PhTX-I a new myotoxic phospholipase A isolated from snake venom","volume":"154","author":"Marangoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp. 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