{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:20:04Z","timestamp":1783545604969,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) is a mucosal immunomodulatory protein that induces robust mucosal and systemic antibody responses. This well-known biological activity has been exploited in cholera prevention (as a component of Dukoral\u00ae vaccine) and vaccine development for decades. On the other hand, several studies have investigated CTB\u2019s immunotherapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as Crohn\u2019s disease and asthma. Furthermore, we recently found that a variant of CTB could induce colon epithelial wound healing in mouse colitis models. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms behind CTB\u2019s anti-inflammatory activity and discuss how the protein could impact mucosal inflammatory disease treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9120379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T11:15:47Z","timestamp":1511435747000},"page":"379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Cholera Toxin B Subunit for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases of the Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4243-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Royal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Matoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-7496-5","article-title":"Cholera toxin structure, gene regulation and pathophysiological and immunological aspects","volume":"65","author":"Sanchez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. 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