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In order to understand the socio-environmental determinants associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), we conducted a spatial analysis of CVL cases in northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2015, georeferencing 3288 domiciled dogs. We used linear mixed models to understand the ecoepidemiological determinants of CVL spatial relative risk (CVL SRR). Our findings indicate heterogeneity in CVL distribution, with 1 km diameter clusters potentially connected within an estimated 4.9 km diameter by the Ripley-K statistic. In our best-fit model, the CVL SRR was positively correlated with the proportion of households with literate heads, with trees, and with open sewage, but negatively correlated with vegetation phenology and mean income of the census sector. Here, we discuss the potential maintenance source of urban CVL clusters on a One Health framework. These findings highlight the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors in shaping the spatial distribution of CVL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T21:13:18Z","timestamp":1735247598000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0858-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natan Diego Alves","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mam\u00edferos, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Departamento de Sistem\u00e1tica e Ecologia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Jos\u00e9 Macedo","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Fiocruz, Teresina 64001-350, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suely Ruth","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ger\u00eancia de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Controle de Zoonoses, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58052-200, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilton Guedes","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ger\u00eancia de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Controle de Zoonoses, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58052-200, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cordeiro-Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mam\u00edferos, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Departamento de Sistem\u00e1tica e Ecologia, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, March 17). 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