{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T01:31:02Z","timestamp":1773883862526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis is no longer confined to developing nations; it persists as a significant contributor to illness and death on a global scale. The subtle clinical manifestation and association with human immunodeficiency virus infection poses obstacles for early diagnosis and management. Tuberculosis manifesting at extrapulmonary sites is relatively rare. We herein present the case of a 26-year-old patient from Cameroon with a history of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis treated in 2008, who had been taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The patient presented with right shoulder pain of an inflammatory type. The case was diagnosed as tuberculous osteomyelitis of the scapular spine, complicated by a deltoid abscess. Diagnosis was confirmed using computed tomography and the MTB\/RIF GeneXpert test on the abscess puncture. This rare form of tuberculosis with an exceptional site revealed a HIV infection with profound immunosuppression. The patient was initiated on anti-tubercular treatment according to Moroccan recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T14:35:42Z","timestamp":1735742142000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of the Scapular Spine Revealing HIV-1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8685-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaoula","family":"Idsaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy FMPM, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Idalene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy FMPM, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Danaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy FMPM, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiam","family":"Ait Driss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy FMPM, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Elfargani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy FMPM, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabila","family":"Soraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Marrakesh, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy FMPM, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bounkhal, A. (2018). La Tuberculose Ost\u00e9oarticulaire Chez L\u2019adulte Dans la R\u00e9gion de Marrakech. [Thesis N\u00b0 060, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.10.012","article-title":"Unusual locations of ost\u00e9oarticular tuberculosis in children: A report of 12 cases","volume":"99","author":"Rafiki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2003.10.004","article-title":"Ost\u00e9omy\u00e9lite, arthrite septique et abc\u00e8s de la fesse \u00e0 mycobact\u00e9rie atypique chez une patiente infect\u00e9e par le VIH-1","volume":"34","author":"Viallard","year":"2004","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328337b100","article-title":"Tuberculosis and survival of HIV- infected individuals by time since seroconversion","volume":"24","author":"Glynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-009-9224-9","article-title":"Factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis","volume":"188","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2023). Lignes Directrices Nationales Pour le Diagnostic et la Prise en Charge de la Tuberculose Extra Pulmonaire. Programme National de Lutte Antituberculeuse, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Division des Maladies Transmissibles, Direction de l\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de la Lutte Contre les Maladies."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200205000-00005","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus and osteoarticular tuberculosis","volume":"398","author":"Jellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_22_2021","article-title":"Osteoarticular tuberculosis: A series of six cases diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology","volume":"19","author":"Dey","year":"2022","journal-title":"CytoJournal"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e40737","article-title":"Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of the Left Fifth Metatarsal and Phalanx Without Pulmonary Involvement: A First-of-Its-Type Report","volume":"15","author":"Yadav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/10\/1\/8\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:56:30Z","timestamp":1760115390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/10\/1\/8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed10010008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed10010008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2414-6366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]}}}