{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:09:09Z","timestamp":1784758149226,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC)"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic schistosomiasis can lead to significant morbidity. Serology is highly sensitive; however, its role in assessing treatment response is controversial. This study aimed to analyze serological values following treatment of chronic imported schistosomiasis. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed including patients treated for chronic imported schistosomiasis from 2018 to 2022 who had at least one serological result at baseline and during follow-up. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were evaluated. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were used to analyze the evolution of serological values. Results: Of the 83 patients included, 72 (86.7%) were male, and the median age was 26 years (IQR 22\u201383). Most patients, 76 (91.6%), were migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. While 24 cases (28.9%) presented with urinary symptoms, the majority (59; 71.1%) were asymptomatic. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were observed in five cases (6.2%). Eosinophilia was present in 34 participants (40.9%). All patients had an initial positive Schistosoma ELISA serology, median ODI 2.3 (IQR 1.5\u20134.4); the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test was positive\/indeterminate in 34 cases (43.1%). Following treatment with praziquantel, serology values significantly decreased: \u22120.04 (IC95% \u22120.073, \u22120.0021) and \u22125.73 (IC95% \u22129.92, \u22121.53) units per month for ELISA and IHA, respectively. A quarter of patients (25%) had negative ELISA results 63 weeks after treatment. All symptomatic cases were clinically cured. Conclusions: Serial serological determinations could be helpful for monitoring chronic schistosomiasis in non-endemic regions. The ideal timing for these follow-up tests is yet to be determined. Further research is needed to determine the factors that influence a negative result during follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T06:13:07Z","timestamp":1736835187000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Description of the Serological Response After Treatment of Chronic Imported Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Sanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades M\u00e9dicas, Programa de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5471-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Mart\u00edn-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oihane","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Muriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades M\u00e9dicas, Programa de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Biostatistic Unit, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagrario","family":"de la Fuente-Hernanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Crespillo-And\u00fajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Chamorro-Tojeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Monge-Ma\u00edllo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca F.","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades M\u00e9dicas, Programa de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8735-4124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, August 23). 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