{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T16:05:29Z","timestamp":1771689929889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melioidosis is an endemic tropical disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. It typically causes pulmonary disease and bacteraemia but can disseminate to cause multi-organ disease. 18-F FDG PET\/CT has an evolving role in diagnosing other infectious diseases, especially where the pathogen or extent of infection is challenging to elucidate clinically and with conventional imaging (CT, US and MRI). We present a case series of patients diagnosed with melioidosis who also underwent 18-F FDG PET\/CT from December 18th 2018 to September 30th 2022. Indications for imaging were categorised and analysed as to whether 18-F FDG PET\/CT changed management over conventional imaging. Twenty-one 18-F FDG PET\/CT scans were performed for sixteen patients. Two scans (9.5%) performed for pyrexia of unknown origin changed management in both cases. Twelve scans (57.1%) performed to ascertain the extent of dissemination of melioidosis changed management in only three (25%) cases. Five scans (23.8%) performed to monitor the response to treatment of known foci changed management in all five cases. Five scans (23.8%) performed for suspected or known malignancy changed management in three (60%) cases. 18-F FDG PET\/CT is an emerging tool which improves diagnosis and changes the management of melioidosis when applied judiciously and for well-selected indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10030069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T09:59:17Z","timestamp":1741255157000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["18-Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Computer Tomography Imaging in Melioidosis: Valuable but Not Essential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Bramwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Kovaleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Morigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8878-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart J.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia"},{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.107","article-title":"Melioidosis","volume":"4","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00022-0","article-title":"The Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study: A 30-year prospective, observational investigation","volume":"21","author":"Currie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398389","article-title":"Melioidosis: Evolving concepts in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Currie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30157-4","article-title":"Global burden of melioidosis in 2015: A systematic review and data synthesis","volume":"19","author":"Birnie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","article-title":"2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)","volume":"36","author":"Habib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"255","article-title":"An update on the role of 18F-FDG-PET\/CT in major infectious and inflammatory diseases","volume":"9","author":"Kung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.07.027","article-title":"Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: Worth the wait?","volume":"29","author":"Fowler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3859","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa929","article-title":"Integration of FDG-PET\/CT in the Diagnostic Workup for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Prospective Interventional Matched-cohort Study","volume":"73","author":"Kagna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30141-4","article-title":"Diagnostic value of imaging in infective endocarditis: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05769-x","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) on imaging infection in vascular grafts","volume":"49","author":"Lauri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.01.029","article-title":"Melioidosis in a European traveler without comorbidities: A case report and literature review","volume":"17","author":"Subran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnm.IJNM_15_20","article-title":"18-Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of the Great Masquerader Melioidosis: A Case Series","volume":"35","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnm.ijnm_227_20","article-title":"Role for Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in Melioidosis","volume":"36","author":"Ayub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"100894","article-title":"Chronic Pulmonary Melioidosis Masquerading as lung malignancy diagnosed by EBUS guided sheath technique","volume":"28","author":"Zaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"101006","article-title":"A mimic of bronchogenic carcinoma\u2014Pulmonary melioidosis","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan, R.P., Marshall, C.S., Anstey, N.M., Ward, L., and Currie, B.J. (2020). 2020 Review and revision of the 2015 Darwin melioidosis treatment guideline; paradigm drift not shift. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008659"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0223","article-title":"The Expanding Global Footprint of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Melioidosis","volume":"108","author":"Currie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/10\/3\/69\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:48:24Z","timestamp":1760028504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/10\/3\/69"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed10030069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed10030069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2414-6366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]}}}