{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:03:27Z","timestamp":1791475407999,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C2008235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C2008235"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-R1A4A1031574 to E.T.H."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-R1A4A1031574 to E.T.H."]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C2008235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C2008235"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["NRF-R1A4A1031574 to E.T.H."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-R1A4A1031574 to E.T.H."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria primarily affects developing nations and is one of the most destructive and pervasive tropical parasite infections. Antimalarial drug resistance, characterized by a parasite\u2019s ability to survive and reproduce despite recommended medication doses, poses a significant challenge. Along with resistance to antimalarial drugs, the rate of mutation a parasite undergoes, overall parasite load, drug potency, adherence to treatment, dosing accuracy, drug bioavailability, and the presence of poor-quality counterfeit drugs are some of the contributing factors that elicit opposition to treatment. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has become a promising drug target for malaria because of its central importance in the parasite\u2019s life cycle and its contribution to artemisinin resistance. Polymorphisms in the Kelch13 gene of Plasmodium falciparum are the best-known markers for artemisinin resistance and are associated with a highly active UPS. Certain proteasome inhibitors, which are the other key players of the UPS, have demonstrated activity against malarial parasites and the ability to work with artemisinin. This work describes how, through targeting the UPS, the greater effectiveness of antimalarial drugs\u2014especially where there is strong resistance\u2014can be achieved, which contributes to overcoming the drug resistance phenomenon in malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10040094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T11:26:41Z","timestamp":1744284401000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combating Malaria: Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System to Conquer Drug Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bazgha","family":"Sanaullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5615-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Van","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0102-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuyet-Kha","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Taek","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Malaria is still a life threatening disease review","volume":"105","author":"Zareen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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