{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:54:47Z","timestamp":1785822887585,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A male in his 60s presented with a four-month history of dysuria and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). He had a history of elevated PSA and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), previously treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Multiparametric MRI (MP-MRI) revealed a PI-RADS 5 lesion, raising suspicion of malignancy. However, histopathological analysis from MRI fusion-targeted biopsies confirmed tuberculous prostatitis. The patient was treated with antituberculosis drugs, resulting in symptomatic improvement and a significant PSA decline. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing tuberculous prostatitis from prostate cancer, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic regions. Our literature review reveals that patients with tuberculous prostatitis undergoing MRI are at least 50 years old, originate from endemic areas, and exhibit PI-RADS scores ranging from 2 to 5, indicating inter-rater variability. Histopathological confirmation remains essential in cases with ambiguous imaging and clinical findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10050145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T04:05:17Z","timestamp":1747800317000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Case Report and Literature Review of Prostatic Tuberculosis Masquerading as Prostate Cancer: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Tuberculosis-Endemic Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yonathan","family":"William","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marto","family":"Sugiono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siloam Hospital Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta 11530, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7514-6923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Diana Prasetiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelbertus","family":"Erico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-6265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert Sterling","family":"Octavius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2024, September 29). 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