{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:52:35Z","timestamp":1788018755580,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006021","name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Armement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NBC-5-B-2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBC-5-B-2121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aedes aegypti, the main urban vector of dengue fever, represents a growing public health problem in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. Identifying the factors influencing the distribution and productivity of its breeding sites is essential for the development of effective control strategies. From May 2023 to April 2024, physico-chemical characteristics were recorded and mosquito larvae were collected, using a standard dipping method, from 60 water collections each month during the dry season and twice a month during the rainy season, totaling 294 observations. The larval positivity of water collections and larval abundance of breeding sites over the time were modeled using a random-effect logistic regression model and a negative binomial regression model, respectively. The depth, distance from habitat, type of water collection and exposure to sunlight were statistically significant and independently associated with water collection positivity for Ae. aegypti larvae (aOR = 5.18, 95%CI [1.66\u201316.18], p-value = 0.005; aOR = 0.00, 95%CI [0.00\u20130.02], p-value &lt; 0.001; aOR = 252.88, 95%CI [4.05\u201315,786.84], p-value = 0.009 and aOR = 0.04, 95%CI [0.01\u20130.26], p-value &lt; 0.001, respectively). Aedes aegypti larval habitats were mainly artificial (90%), temporary (n = 217 observations), close to dwellings (n = 114) and shaded (n = 96). Plastic water tanks (n = 17, 48.6%), wells (n = 6, 17.1%) and barrels (n = 4, 11.4%) were the most common breeding sites. Larval abundance was negatively associated with containers of increasing pH and surface area (aOR = 0.50, 95%CI [0.33\u20130.75] p-value = 0.001 and aOR = 0.48, 95%CI [0.27\u20130.87], p-value = 0.016, respectively). As Ae. aegypti mosquitoes are multi-resistant to adult insecticides and dengue has become endemo-epidemic since 2014, vector control should give the priority to the physical removal or treatment of shaded, peridomestic containers\u2014particularly plastic water tanks and barrels\u2014and consider the use of biological larvicides to target breeding sites with low pH and small surface areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10060147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:58:09Z","timestamp":1747994289000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Aedes aegypti Larval Habitats in Nouakchott, Mauritania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Haidy Massa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche G\u00e9nomes et Milieux (GEMI), Universit\u00e9 de Nouakchott, Nouveau Campus Universitaire, Nouakchott BP 5026, Mauritania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Aly","family":"Ould Lemrabott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche G\u00e9nomes et Milieux (GEMI), Universit\u00e9 de Nouakchott, Nouveau Campus Universitaire, Nouakchott BP 5026, Mauritania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7897-0416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman","family":"Abdillahi Guedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Facult\u00e9 de Lettres, Langues et Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Universit\u00e9 de Djibouti, Campus de Balbala, Croisement RN2-RN5, Djibouti 1904, Djibouti"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97744 Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Briolant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement Risques Vectoriels, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es (IRBA), 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Risques Infectieux Tropicaux et Microorganismes EmergentS, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche G\u00e9nomes et Milieux (GEMI), Universit\u00e9 de Nouakchott, Nouveau Campus Universitaire, Nouakchott BP 5026, Mauritania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1941","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1941","article-title":"Impact of Transmission Cycles and Vector Competence on Global Expansion and Emergence of Arboviruses","volume":"27","author":"Agarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. 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