{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:32:45Z","timestamp":1785450765296,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR200125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is a common neglected tropical disease in Ethiopia, which is mainly treated with intralesional (IL) pentavalent antimonial such as sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and\/or cryotherapy. Both treatments are painful, and studies are lacking on the pain associated with these or affected individuals\u2019 experiences of them. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa\/Ethiopia. The socio-demographic and clinical data of individuals affected by LCL receiving IL SSG and\/or cryotherapy was gathered, and their treatment was observed. Participants quantified their treatment-associated pain using the Wong\u2013Baker Pain Scale. Health-related quality of life was measured using the (Children\u2019s) Dermatology Life Quality Index. Adverse effects, participant experiences with local therapies, and dermatologists\u2019 experiences and opinions of local LCL treatment were assessed using structured questionnaires. Of the thirty-six individuals with LCL included (64% male, 14% children), 52% reported a treatment-associated pain score \u2265 8. Cryotherapy administered with a cotton bud was associated with lower pain scores \u2264 6 (odds ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.03\u20130.89) compared to a cryotherapy spray device. There was wide variation in treatment administration. Local LCL treatment is painful, and most individuals experience significant pain. This study highlights the need for less painful but effective treatments, structured training, and clear standard operating procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10080203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T08:02:06Z","timestamp":1753257726000},"page":"203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experiences of Individuals with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Receiving Intralesional Sodium Stibogluconate or Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1652-7677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirna S.","family":"Abd El Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimelis N.","family":"Doni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa 4010, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edelawit L.","family":"Dereje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa 4010, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros H.","family":"Gebre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa 4010, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna B.","family":"Temesgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa 4010, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeabsera W.","family":"Zegeye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa 4010, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba M.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00726-8","article-title":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A 2022 Updated Narrative Review into Diagnosis and Management Developments","volume":"23","author":"Schallig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. 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