{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:06:22Z","timestamp":1793649982478,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","award":["IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.458"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has become a significant global health concern in recent decades, particularly in Iran. This integrative review provides a comprehensive assessment of the epidemiological trends of dengue fever in Iran from its initial emergence to the present, identifying and evaluating factors contributing to both the emergence and re-emergence of the disease at national and international levels. The review highlights critical global determinants influencing dengue transmission, including climate change, environmental modifications, unplanned urbanization, increased international travel and trade, and the pivotal roles of public awareness and healthcare infrastructure. Climatic variables, such as rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, create favorable conditions for mosquito breeding, enabling vectors like Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to expand into new regions. We also explore how environmental changes, unplanned urbanization and other factors further exacerbate the situation. Control strategies addressing these factors are presented. In Iran, the incidence of dengue fever is increasing, yet research remains limited. The highest number of local cases has been reported in Chabahar and Bandar Lengeh, Hormozgan and Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces, respectively. Eleven key factors\u2014culminating in socio-cultural practices, climate change, unplanned urbanization, cross-border mobility, and gaps in vector control and healthcare infrastructure\u2014have been identified as contributing to recent outbreaks in Iran. In conclusion, our review underscores that mitigating dengue vulnerability in Iran requires an urgent, multi-faceted strategy targeting improved urban water management, enhanced cross-border surveillance, and strengthened healthcare system capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10110309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T03:33:07Z","timestamp":1761881587000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dengue Fever Resurgence in Iran: An Integrative Review of Causative Factors and Control Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6612-1540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hassan","family":"Nikookar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeedeh","family":"Hoseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSc Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr 14155, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6202-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Fazelidinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmadali","family":"Enayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.12.001","article-title":"An epidemiological synthesis of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats in Cameroon, 2000\u20132022: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Tahmo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJID Reg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saba Villarroel, P.M., Gumpangseth, N., Songhong, T., Yainoy, S., Monteil, A., Leaungwutiwong, P., Miss\u00e9, D., and Wichit, S. 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