{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:01:00Z","timestamp":1772820060760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM23\/00282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM23\/00282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR24\/00044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR24\/00044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Strongyloidiasis is traditionally regarded as a tropical disease; however, in the Valencian Community (Spain), it has historically been linked to localized endemic foci considered of declining relevance. This was a multicenter regional case series study across three hospitals including patients \u226516 years with strongyloidiasis defined by positive serology and\/or parasitological confirmation diagnosed from 2015 to 2024. A total of 301 patients were included (median age 53 years (quartile 1\u2013quartile 3, 40\u201372); 135 (44.9%) female). Most cases were autochthonous (176\/299, 58.9%), while 123\/299 (41.1%) occurred in migrants, predominantly from Latin America. Symptoms were present in 165\/296 (55.7%), most frequently cutaneous (68\/296, 23.0%) and gastrointestinal (62\/296, 20.9%). Eosinophilia (&gt;500 cells\/\u00b5L) was observed in 144\/298 (48.3%) and severe infection (hyperinfection syndrome) in 7\/294 (2.4%). Annual diagnoses increased over time, with a significant temporal trend by case origin (p &lt; 0.001), reflecting an increasing contribution of imported infections, whereas trends by sex (p = 0.068) and immune status (p = 0.926) were not significant. Stool-based methods demonstrated a low diagnostic yield (microscopy 7\/157, 4.5%; culture 21\/136, 15.4%; rtPCR 2\/27, 7.4%). These findings document the sustained detection of cases classified as autochthonous beyond historically recognized foci and an increasing proportion of imported diagnoses in a temperate European setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed11030076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:05:44Z","timestamp":1772795144000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strongyloidiasis Beyond the Tropics: Updated Epidemiological Evidence from a Historically Endemic Region in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7905-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"de Castro-Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5277-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Guevara-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gand\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6296-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Guillem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miquel","family":"Moret-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 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Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ruiz-Raga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ventura Esteve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gand\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Amparo","family":"Perea Ribis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gand\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Llopis Sanchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gand\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Izquierdo Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gand\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8648-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamlet","family":"Ghukasyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gand\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Pall\u00e1s Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gand\u00eda, 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