{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:49:23Z","timestamp":1791330563056,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The convergence of climate change, migration, and health represents a critical global challenge, with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region illustrating acute vulnerabilities while offering insight relevant beyond the region. Increasing exposure to extreme heat, droughts, and floods drives displacement, constrained mobility, and adaptive migration, placing additional pressure on already stretched health systems. This paper proposes an integrated Nexus Action Framework for Climate Change, Migration, and Health (NAF-CMH) to address these interlinked dynamics and move beyond fragmented, sector-specific responses. The framework conceptualizes human mobility both as a potential resilience strategy and as a determinant of health, encompassing climate-affected migrants, displaced populations, and those experiencing involuntary immobility across diverse pathways and settings. It promotes systematic integration of health considerations into climate adaptation and migration governance and situates these interventions within the broader agenda of climate-resilient health systems. Drawing on a non-systematic narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, complemented by the authors\u2019 expertise, the paper identifies seven interrelated pillars for coordinated policy and operational action. While grounded in MENA-specific vulnerabilities, the framework is flexible and adaptable to other regions facing climate-driven mobility challenges. By providing an operational architecture for multisector collaboration, the NAF-CMH supports policymakers, public health authorities, and migration actors in strengthening resilience, reducing vulnerability and safeguarding health amid accelerating climate impacts and evolving mobility patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed11030079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T14:43:18Z","timestamp":1773240198000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Climate\u2013Migration\u2013Health Nexus: A Multisectoral Framework for Action, with Case Insights from MENA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Davide T.","family":"Mosca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Realizing Health SDGs for Migrants, Displaced, and Communities, Nairobi P.O. Box 3376-00200, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), International Organization for Migration (IOM), Cairo 11211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Bank Group (2021). Middle East & North Africa. Climate Roadmap. Driving Transformational Climate Action and Green Recovery in MENA. 2021\u20132025, World Bank Group."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Bank Group (2023). Climate Change Action in the Middle East and North Africa\u2014Key Insights from Country Climate and Development Reports, World Bank Group."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2023). 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