{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T04:54:27Z","timestamp":1775710467338,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010575","name":"Consejo Nacional de Rectores","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["803-C2-651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["803-C2-651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010575","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of the genus Brucella are bacterial pathogens of global importance, and their increasing detection in marine mammals has raised concerns for wildlife conservation and public health. In this study, we evaluated the biological and pathogenic characteristics of two Brucella sp. sequence type 27 (ST27) isolates obtained from a dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima). We compared them with terrestrial and marine Brucella reference strains. We assessed resistance to polymyxin B and human serum complement, intracellular infection dynamics in HeLa epithelial cells, persistence in a murine model, and associated hematological and histopathological changes, and analyzed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles. The Kogia isolates exhibited resistance to polymyxin B and serum complement, comparable to that of B. abortus 2308W and marine mammal Brucella strains. In HeLa cells, the isolates displayed distinct, strain-specific intracellular infection dynamics. In the murine model, both isolates persisted in the spleen and induced granulomatous lesions. However, splenic bacterial loads and histopathological scores were generally lower than those observed with B. abortus 2308W, which exhibited the highest virulence among the strains evaluated. Hematological alterations associated with Kogia isolates were also less pronounced than those induced by B. abortus 2308W, indicating an intermediate and strain-dependent virulence phenotype without evidence of enhanced virulence relative to the terrestrial reference strain. Western blot analyses showed that Brucella sp. ST27 isolates were not recognized by anti-B. abortus or anti-O-antigen monoclonal antibodies, while exhibiting a distinct recognition pattern with anti-B. canis serum, indicating differences in surface antigen composition. Comparative whole-genome analysis identified a limited number of isolate-specific variants affecting coding and intergenic regions. Collectively, these findings highlight phenotypic and genetic features of Brucella sp. ST27 from Kogia sima, which distinguishes it from other marine and terrestrial Brucella strains and supports further investigation into its biological behavior and potential public health relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed11040098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T12:03:47Z","timestamp":1775563427000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathogenicity of Brucella sp. ST27 Kogia sima Isolates in Murine and Cell Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Romero-Maga\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Chac\u00f3n-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patolog\u00eda, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Alfaro-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jos\u00e9 2060, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9174-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Chaves-Olarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patolog\u00eda, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal, Heredia 11401, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgardo","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4428-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u00edas","family":"Barquero-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K.-H., and Stackebrant, E. 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