{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:11:32Z","timestamp":1785409892983,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement (AFD) Group funds","award":["CZZ2579 01 L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZZ2579 01 L"]}]},{"award":["CZZ2579 01 L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZZ2579 01 L"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tqhj682","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet its impact extends far beyond microbiological cure. Many TB survivors experience persistent structural lung damage or functional impairment consistent with post-TB lung disease, while growing evidence highlights long-term non-respiratory health outcomes. Synthesizing evidence across lung and non- respiratory health outcomes, along with their risk factors, is critical to inform long-term TB care. Methods: We conducted a scoping review including systematic reviews reporting on post-TB long-term health outcomes. A search was performed in PubMed\/MEDLINE on 27 July 2025, using terms related to \u201ctuberculosis,\u201d \u201csystematic review,\u201d \u201cmeta-analysis,\u201d \u201csequelae\u201d and \u201clong-term health outcomes,\u201d without language restrictions. Results: Nine systematic reviews met inclusion criteria. Most focused on pulmonary outcomes and consistently demonstrated that TB is associated with chronic airflow obstruction, reduced lung function, and an increased long-term risk of lung cancer, although residual confounding from environmental, clinical, and socioeconomic factors cannot be excluded. While younger adults are more prone to developing COPD after TB in high TB burden settings, older individuals face a higher risk of broader post-TB lung sequelae. Evidence suggested that TB survivors are at increased risk of non-respiratory complications. HIV co-infection, low CD4 counts, older age, pre-existing hepatitis, prior TB treatment, and hypoalbuminemia were associated with post-TB liver injury, while baseline hearing impairment and HIV co-infection increased the likelihood of post-TB hearing loss. TB was also linked to elevated risk of several non-pulmonary cancers, including oesophageal, cervical, hematological, pancreatic, and gastric malignancies, with the highest risk within the first year after TB diagnosis and persisting, though attenuated, in subsequent years. Conclusion: TB should be viewed as a chronic condition with enduring lung and non-respiratory health outcomes. TB survivors face increased risks of COPD, lung cancer, and a range of non-respiratory health outcomes, including hepatic and auditory complications, particularly among high-risk groups, such as those living with HIV infection, along with baseline hearing and hepatic impairment. Public health programmes must extend care beyond microbiological cure to include integrated, post-TB long-term monitoring of lung, hepatic and hearing across all ages, including malignancy surveillance, after baseline assessments to identify high-risk TB survivors. Future research should also elucidate risk factors for post-TB malignancy, and clarify the relationship between neurological, renal, and musculoskeletal sequelae and TB to inform evidence-based TB survivorship care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed11070203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:54:13Z","timestamp":1784534053000},"page":"203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Cure: A Scoping Review of Post-Tuberculosis Long-Term Health Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"},{"name":"Epitech Research, 1160 Auderghem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6113-9741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3415-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riitta A.","family":"Dlodlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gis\u00e8le","family":"Badoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (UFR\/SDS), Universit\u00e9 Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7021, Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yalgado Ou\u00e9draogo (CNHU-YO), Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7022, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2837-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed F.","family":"Dogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia B.","family":"Mbitikon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranay","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7055-3183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Jaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aung Naing","family":"Soe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharati","family":"Kalottee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kobto G.","family":"Koura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche MERIT (UMR261), Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025). 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