{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:32:08Z","timestamp":1786509128542,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFC2309300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2309300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.","TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a leading cause of hospital- and community-acquired lower respiratory infections (LRI). The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially carbapenem-resistant strains (CRKP), poses a serious global health threat. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we estimated AMR-related mortality for K. pneumoniae-associated LRI across regions from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis identified temporal trends. Global mortality declined overall, with a 70% reduction in under-5 deaths but a doubling among adults over 70 years. Deaths associated with and attributable to AMR decreased by 18.9% and 4.5%, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) fell by nearly 50%. In contrast, the mortality burden associated with carbapenem resistance increased markedly, with AMR-associated deaths rising by 157% and disproportionately affecting high-burden regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Despite overall progress, the increasing mortality burden associated with carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae-associated LRI poses a critical and persistent global health threat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed11080222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1786353893000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance-Related Mortality from Klebsiella pneumoniae-Associated Lower Respiratory Infections: A GBD 2021 Analysis, 1990\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 102200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 102200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2723-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 102200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 102200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 102200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae184","article-title":"Comprehensive Insights into Klebsiella Pneumoniae: Unravelling Clinical Impact, Epidemiological Trends and Antibiotic-Resistance Challenges","volume":"79","author":"Jamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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