{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:17:18Z","timestamp":1787894238742,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.","TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For deployed military personnel, a single exposure from a rabies-infected animal can become a death sentence. With a case fatality rate approaching 100%, rabies remains a serious, yet insufficiently acknowledged hazard for service members, for whom prevention in operational environments poses unique challenges. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify relevant studies on rabies risk in armed forces personnel. By analysing rabies-related fatalities in the military, this review highlights the operational challenges posed by animal bites during deployment, including underreporting and delayed access to care, which compromise timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) administration. Special emphasis is placed on prevention strategies, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and animal control protocols tailored to military settings. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based resource for healthcare professionals involved in the protection of deployed forces against this ancient yet still deadly infectious disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed11090243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:04:32Z","timestamp":1787756672000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rabies in Military Personnel: Epidemiology, Clinical Challenges, and Strategies for Prevention and Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elodie","family":"Monchatre-Leroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Anses de la Rage et de la Faune Sauvage de Nancy, 54220 Malz\u00e9ville, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 IDEALISS, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Artois, 76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2591-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Isabela","family":"Costescu Strachinaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, CHIREC Hospitals Group, 1160 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9392-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oula","family":"Itani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Centre M\u00e9dical, Centre d\u2019infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Wensierski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"24th Veterinary Group, 3rd Army Medical Center, 51600 Suippes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Servat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Anses de la Rage et de la Faune Sauvage de Nancy, 54220 Malz\u00e9ville, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Soentjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2025, August 01). 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