{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:43Z","timestamp":1787030143748,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology Council","award":["103-2314-B-002-036-MY2, KHT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103-2314-B-002-036-MY2, KHT"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003896","name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract # 898796 to KHT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract # 898796 to KHT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rickettsial diseases, particularly vector-borne rickettsioses (VBR), have a long history in Taiwan, with studies on scrub typhus and murine typhus dating back over a century. The climatic and geographic diversity of Taiwan\u2019s main island and its offshore islands provide many ecological niches for the diversification and maintenance of rickettsiae alike. In recent decades, scrub typhus has re-emerged as the most prevalent type of rickettsiosis in Taiwan, particularly in eastern Taiwan and its offshore islands. While murine typhus has also re-emerged on Taiwan\u2019s western coast, it remains neglected. Perhaps more alarming than the re-emergence of these rickettsioses is the emergence of newly described VBR. The first case of human infection with Rickettsia felis was confirmed in 2005, and undetermined spotted fever group rickettsioses have recently been detected. Taiwan is at a unique advantage in terms of detecting and characterizing VBR, as it has universal health coverage and a national communicable disease surveillance system; however, these systems have not been fully utilized for this purpose. Here, we review the existing knowledge on the eco-epidemiology of VBR in Taiwan and recommend future courses of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T12:16:14Z","timestamp":1513858574000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Re-Emergence and Emergence of Vector-Borne Rickettsioses in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Minahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chung","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-113X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun-Hsien","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","article-title":"Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: Unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and \u2018HGE agent\u2019 as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila","volume":"51","author":"Dumler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. 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