{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:37:18Z","timestamp":1783471038701,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014055","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-14-C-0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-14-C-0071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014055","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-16-C-0223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-C-0223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Until recently, Sri Lanka was not considered a country with endemic melioidosis. However, an increasing number of cases is being reported. National surveillance for melioidosis was instituted after 2008. A total of 250 culture-positive cases was recorded between 2006 and May 2017. Males predominated (71.6%). The age range was wide (2\u201392 years) reflecting a ubiquity of exposure. The majority (201\/250, 80%) lived in rural areas. All provinces were affected. Case load increased during the two monsoonal periods (67%). There was representation of every population group including farmers (n = 44), housewives (n = 24), school children (n = 10), professionals (n = 5), businesspersons (n = 6), white-collar workers (n = 10) and blue-collar workers (n = 8). Diabetes was the predominant risk factor (n = 163, 65.2%). Clinical presentations included community-acquired sepsis and pneumonia, superficial and deep abscesses, and septic arthritis. Mortality was 20.4% (51\/250). A majority (n = 212) of isolates belonged to the YLF (Yersinia-like fimbrial) clade but 38 were BTFC (B. thailandensis-like flagellum and chemotaxis). A total of 108 isolates was genotyped and 46 sequence types (STs) were identified, 40 being novel. It is clear that melioidosis is endemic in Sri Lanka with a wide geographic and demographic distribution. There is an urgent need to extend surveillance of melioidosis to under-resourced parts of the country and to populations at high risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T06:33:39Z","timestamp":1519194819000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Melioidosis in Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1450-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoka M.","family":"Corea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5291-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aruna Dharshan","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasanthi","family":"Thevanesam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 2000, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Melioidosis: A report of 10 cases","volume":"39","author":"Thin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Q. 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