{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:01:35Z","timestamp":1792807295029,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs","award":["SE0431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE0431"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00tnppw48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs","award":["SV3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SV3500"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00tnppw48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["733176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["733176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bats in the EU have been associated with several zoonotic viral pathogens of significance to both human and animal health. Virus discovery continues to expand the existing understating of virus classification, and the increased interest in bats globally as reservoirs or carriers of zoonotic agents has fuelled the continued detection and characterisation of new lyssaviruses and other viral zoonoses. Although the transmission of lyssaviruses from bat species to humans or terrestrial species appears rare, interest in these viruses remains, through their ability to cause the invariably fatal encephalitis\u2014rabies. The association of bats with other viral zoonoses is also of great interest. Much of the EU is free of terrestrial rabies, but several bat species harbor lyssaviruses that remain a risk to human and animal health. Whilst the rabies virus is the main cause of rabies globally, novel related viruses continue to be discovered, predominantly in bat populations, that are of interest purely through their classification within the lyssavirus genus alongside the rabies virus. Although the rabies virus is principally transmitted from the bite of infected dogs, these related lyssaviruses are primarily transmitted to humans and terrestrial carnivores by bats. Even though reports of zoonotic viruses from bats within the EU are rare, to protect human and animal health, it is important characterise novel bat viruses for several reasons, namely: (i) to investigate the mechanisms for the maintenance, potential routes of transmission, and resulting clinical signs, if any, in their natural hosts; (ii) to investigate the ability of existing vaccines, where available, to protect against these viruses; (iii) to evaluate the potential for spill over and onward transmission of viral pathogens in novel terrestrial hosts. This review is an update on the current situation regarding zoonotic virus discovery within bats in the EU, and provides details of potential future mechanisms to control the threat from these deadly pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4010031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T11:50:33Z","timestamp":1549540233000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Bats and Viruses: Emergence of Novel Lyssaviruses and Association of Bats with Viral Zoonoses in the EU"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Shipley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge-London KT15 3NB, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7041-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7529-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Selden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge-London KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge-London KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Aegerter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APHA\u2014National Wildlife Management Centre, Wildlife Epidemiology and Modelling, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R","family":"Fooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge-London KT15 3NB, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George\u2019s Hospital Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley C","family":"Banyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge-London KT15 3NB, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George\u2019s Hospital Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62707-5","article-title":"Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination","volume":"384","author":"Fooks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1071\/MA17006","article-title":"The impact of novel lyssavirus discovery","volume":"38","author":"Banyard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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