{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:52:19Z","timestamp":1792453939920,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For many years, researchers have postulated that helminthic infections may increase susceptibility to HIV, and that immune activation may have contributed to the extensive spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In the meantime, immunological studies have provided some evidence in support of this hypothesis, while cross-sectional clinical studies were able to further support the assumed association between HIV infection and selected helminthic co-infections. However, as many of the helminthic infections relevant to HIV-infected patients belong to the group of \u201cneglected tropical diseases\u201d, as defined by the World Health Organization, a certain lack of attention has inhibited progress in fully scaling up treatment and prevention efforts. In addition, despite the fact that the challenges of co-infections have preoccupied clinicians for over two decades, relevant research questions remain unanswered. The following review aims to provide a concise overview of associations between HIV and selected helminthic co-infections concerning aspects of HIV acquisition and transmission, clinical and immunological findings in co-infected individuals, as well as treatment and prevention efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4020065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T12:55:04Z","timestamp":1555073704000},"page":"65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Schistosoma and Other Relevant Helminth Infections in HIV-Positive Individuals\u2014An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Amrei","family":"von Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Trawinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6942-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"L\u00fcbbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30171-4","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases: Progress towards addressing the chronic pandemic","volume":"389","author":"Molyneux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31253-3","article-title":"No more neglect of helminths and HIV","volume":"388","author":"Downs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.1.159","article-title":"Downregulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth, Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"173","author":"Pearce","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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