{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:42:30Z","timestamp":1782243750178,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The success of community-directed treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) depends on active community participation. We conducted a case study nested in a cross-sectional study in the Binza Ozone Health Zone (ZS) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, in order to investigate community\u2019s knowledges and perceptions of onchocerciasis and on all CDTI\u2019s aspects. We interviewed 106 people aged 20 and over, purposively selected, through eight individual interviews and 12 focus groups. Themes used for collecting data were drawn for the Health Belief Model and data were analyzed using a deductive thematic approach. The term onchocerciasis was unknown to participants who called it \u201cMbitiri\u201d, the little black fly, in their local language. This disease is seen as curse put on the sufferer by a witch and perceived as a threat because of the \u201cMbitiri\u201d bites. The afflicted participants were reluctant to seek treatment and preferred traditional practitioners or healers. CDTI is considered devastating because of adverse effects of ivermectin as well as inefficient after occurrence of deaths. This explains the low level of community adhesion and participation to this strategy. Recruitment procedures for community distributors are poorly understood and awareness and health education campaigns are either non-existent or rarely carried out. Nevertheless, the latter should be regularly done.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4030109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T03:14:41Z","timestamp":1563506081000},"page":"109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Community Participation in and Perception of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin in Kinshasa, DRC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Makenga Bof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mansiangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Avenue de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horlyne","family":"Nsangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Avenue de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9ric","family":"Mafuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Avenue de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Aujoulat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Coppieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.08.024","article-title":"Neurological manifestations in Onchocerca volvulus infection: A review","volume":"145","author":"Hotterbeekx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res. 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