{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:47:21Z","timestamp":1792540041246,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting more than 250 million people, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. In C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire both Schistosoma haematobium (causing urogenital schistosomiasis) and Schistosoma mansoni (causing intestinal schistosomiasis) co-exist. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni and to identify risk factors among schoolchildren in the western and southern parts of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. From January to April 2018, a cross-sectional study was carried out including 1187 schoolchildren aged 5\u201314 years. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method to identify and count S. haematobium eggs, while stool samples were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears to quantify eggs of S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths. Data on sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors were obtained using a pretested questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to test for associations between variables. We found a prevalence of S. haematobium of 14.0% (166 of 1187 schoolchildren infected) and a prevalence of S. mansoni of 6.1% (66 of 1089 schoolchildren infected). In the southern part of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the prevalence of S. haematobium was 16.1% with a particularly high prevalence observed in Sikensi (35.6%), while S. mansoni was most prevalent in Agboville (11.2%). Swimming in open freshwater bodies was the main risk factor for S. haematobium infection (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 127.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 25.0\u2013634.0, p &lt; 0.001). Fishing and washing clothes in open freshwater bodies were positively associated with S. haematobium and S. mansoni infection, respectively. Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel should be combined with setting-specific information, education, and communication strategies in order to change children\u2019s behavior, thus avoiding contact with unprotected open freshwater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4030110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T10:44:51Z","timestamp":1563878691000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7589-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne K.","family":"Angora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Abidjan BPV 34, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Boissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Menan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Abidjan BPV 34, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan BPV 490, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre O.","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan BPV 490, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean T.","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, 22 BP 770, Abidjan 22, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboulaye","family":"M\u00e9it\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre les Maladies Tropicales N\u00e9glig\u00e9es \u00e0 Chimioth\u00e9rapie Pr\u00e9ventive, 06 BP 6394, Abidjan 06, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Raso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli\u00e9zer K.","family":"N\u2019Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, 22 BP 770, Abidjan 22, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6885-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Balmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hotez, P.J., Alvarado, M., Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez, M.-G., Bolliger, I., Bourne, R., Boussinesq, M., Brooker, S.J., Brown, A.S., Buckle, G., and Budke, C.M. (2014). The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Interpretation and implications for the neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002865"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GBD 2017 DALYs and Hale Collaborators (2018). 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