{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:49:38Z","timestamp":1760240978513,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy among household contacts is effective at an individual level, its population-level impact on reducing TB incidence has been unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess, among the new tuberculosis patients started on treatment between 1 October, 2018 and 30 June, 2019 in the public health facilities of Udupi district (South India): i) the proportion with a \u2018history of household TB exposure\u2019 and ii) sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with it. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving record review and patient interviews. Of 565 TB patients, 273(48%) were interviewed. Of them, 71(26%, 95% CI: 21%\u201332%) patients had a \u2018history of household TB exposure (ever)\u2019 with about half exposed in the past five years of diagnosis. Considering a new TB case as a proxy for incident TB, and \u2018history of household TB exposure\u2019 a proxy for household transmission, and assuming 100% effectiveness of preventive therapy, we may infer that a maximum of 26% of the incident cases can be prevented by giving preventive therapy to all household contacts of TB patients. In multivariable analysis, females and tobacco users had a significantly higher prevalence of household TB exposure. If there are resource constraints, these subgroups may be prioritized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4040133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T12:30:50Z","timestamp":1572611450000},"page":"133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Proportion of New Tuberculosis Patients Has a History of Household Tuberculosis Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study from Udupi District, South India"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Chidananda","family":"Sanju SV","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"District Tuberculosis Control Office, Behind District Health Office, Ajjarakadu, Udupi, Karnataka 576104, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4037-6371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhil","family":"Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon 122002, India"},{"name":"Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi 110020, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vrinda","family":"Hari Ankolekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical college, Manipal 576104, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1011-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay","family":"MV Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), 75020 Paris, France"},{"name":"The Union South-East Asia Office, New Delhi 10001, India"},{"name":"Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Global Tuberculosis Report 2018, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"United Nations Development Programme (2017). Sdg 3 Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-Being for All at. UNDP Support to the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 3, United Nations Development Programme."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Updated and Consolidated Guidelines for Programmatic Management, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx025","article-title":"Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Households and the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"185","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. 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