{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:52:41Z","timestamp":1760241161237,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected disease caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies that progresses in two phases. Symptoms in the first phase include fever, headaches, pruritus, lymphadenopathy, and in certain cases, hepato- and splenomegaly. Neurological disorders such as sleep disorder, aggressive behavior, logorrhea, psychotic reactions, and mood changes are signs of the second stage of the disease. Diagnosis follows complex algorithms, including serological testing and microscopy. Our case report illustrates the course of events of a 41-year old woman with sleep disorder, among other neurological symptoms, whose diagnosis was made seven months after the onset of symptoms. The patient had consulted two different hospitals in Kinshasa and was on the verge of being discharged from a third due to negative laboratory test results. This case report highlights the challenges that may arise when a disease is on the verge of eradication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4040142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1576120816000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Flipside of Eradicating a Disease; Human African Trypanosomiasis in a Woman in Rural Democratic Republic of Congo: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Junior","family":"Mudji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Evang\u00e9lique de Vanga, Vanga Mission, B.P. 4728 Kinshasa 2, Congo"},{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Protestant University of Congo, B.P. 4745 Kinshasa 2, Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Benhamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Mwamba-Miaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine (PNLTHA), Kinshasa 2, Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Burri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Evang\u00e9lique de Vanga, Vanga Mission, B.P. 4728 Kinshasa 2, Congo"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.08.001","article-title":"Clinical aspects of 2541 patients with second stage human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"97","author":"Blum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31510-6","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"390","author":"Buscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of human African Trypanosomiasis","volume":"23","author":"Mwanza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Afr. J. Neurol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/4\/4\/142\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:41:13Z","timestamp":1760190073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/4\/4\/142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed4040142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed4040142","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2414-6366"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]}}}