{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:06:08Z","timestamp":1785564368635,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]],"date-time":"2019-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A Bangladeshi patient with prior travel to Saudi Arabia was hospitalized in the United States for a presumptive liver abscess. Praziquantel was administered following a positive Schistosoma antibody test. Ten days later, a subadult worm migrated to the skin surface and was identified morphologically as Gnathostoma spinigerum. This case highlights the challenges of gnathostomiasis diagnosis, raising questions on potential serologic cross-reactivity and the possible role of praziquantel in stimulating outward migration of Gnathostoma larvae\/subadults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4040145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1576473578000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Percutaneous Emergence of Gnathostoma spinigerum Following Praziquantel Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sarah G. H.","family":"Sapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4210-6834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, New York, NY 10013, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry S.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MacKevin","family":"Ndubuisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5524-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard S.","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Miyazaki, I. (1991). An Illustrated Book of Helminthic Zoonoses, International Medical Foundation of Japan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waikagul, J., and Chamacho, S.D. (2007). Gnathostomiasis. Food-Borne Parasitic Zoonoses, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71358-8_7"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.33","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of imported gnathostomiasis shows frequent treatment failure","volume":"80","author":"Strady","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00003-09","article-title":"Gnathostomiasis, another emerging imported disease","volume":"22","author":"Herman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. 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Public Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.623","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous gnathostomiasis with ivermectin","volume":"71","author":"Kraivichian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"374","article-title":"Comparison of ivermectin and albendazole treatment for gnathostomiasis","volume":"31","author":"Nontasut","year":"2000","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.09.002","article-title":"Outward migration of Gnathostoma spinigerum in interferon alpha treated Hepatitis C patient","volume":"55","author":"Sangchan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90192-5","article-title":"The anthelmintic action of praziquantel","volume":"4","author":"Harnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2307\/3280390","article-title":"The in vitro uptake of 14c-praziquantel by cestodes, trematodes, and a nematode","volume":"66","author":"Andrews","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.707","article-title":"Case report: Gnathostomiasis in two travelers to zambia","volume":"68","author":"Hale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.120367","article-title":"Autochthonous gnathostomiasis, Brazil","volume":"18","author":"Kahler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2016.12.003","article-title":"Serological approaches for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis\u2013a review","volume":"31","author":"Hinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). Schistosomiasis: Status of Schistosomiasis Endemic Countries, World Health Organization. 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