{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:44:58Z","timestamp":1760237098199,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fox rabies has been eliminated from vast areas of West and Central Europe, but cases still occur in the Balkans. Oral vaccination is an effective method for reducing the incidence of the disease in wildlife, but it requires monitoring if bait density is adequate for the density of the wildlife reservoir. We developed a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of aerial vaccination campaigns conducted in Montenegro during autumn 2011 and spring 2012. The effectiveness of the vaccination campaign was assessed by (i) estimating the density of baits, (ii) estimating the distribution of the red fox, (iii) identifying critical areas of insufficient bait density by combining both variables. Although the two vaccination campaigns resulted in 45% and 47% of the country\u2019s total area not reaching recommended density of 20 baits\/km2, the consecutive delivery of both campaigns reduced these \u201cgaps\u201d to 6%. By combining bait and reservoir density data, we were able to show that bait density was lower than fox density in only 5% of Montenegro\u2019s territory. The methodology described can be used for real-time evaluation of aerial vaccine delivery campaigns, to identify areas with insufficient bait densities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5010032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T08:59:47Z","timestamp":1582275587000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Wildlife and Bait Density Monitoring to Describe the Effectiveness of a Rabies Vaccination Program in Foxes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Tizzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Veterinary Science, University of Turin, V. Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8204-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Veterinary Science, University of Turin, V. Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Potzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Veterinary Epidemiologist, 16866 Tramnitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-1318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joerg","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srdjan","family":"\u0160a\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Consultant, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Viviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Consultant, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mevlida","family":"Hrapovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Administration, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.4065\/79.5.671","article-title":"Overview, Prevention, and Treatment of Rabies","volume":"79","author":"Hankins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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