{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:24:41Z","timestamp":1790457881376,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2015-05045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2015-05045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2020-04668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-04668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2018-04920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2018-04920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007583","name":"Alberta Conservation Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant in Biodiversity to J. Sperling"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant in Biodiversity to J. Sperling"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007583","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000146","name":"Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["scholarship to J. Sperling"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["scholarship to J. Sperling"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lyme disease-causing Borrelia burgdorferi has been reported in 10\u201319% of Ixodes ticks from Alberta, Canada, where the tick vector Ixodes scapularis is at the northwestern edge of its range. However, the presence of Borrelia has not been verified independently, and the bacterial microbiome of these ticks has not been described. We performed 16S rRNA bacterial surveys on female I. scapularis from Alberta that were previously qPCR-tested in a Lyme disease surveillance program. Both 16S and qPCR methods were concordant for the presence of Borrelia. The 16S studies also provided a profile of associated bacteria that showed the microbiome of I. scapularis in Alberta was similar to other areas of North America. Ticks that were qPCR-positive for Borrelia had significantly greater bacterial diversity than Borrelia-negative ticks, on the basis of generalized linear model testing. This study adds value to ongoing tick surveillance and is a foundation for deeper understanding of tick microbial ecology and disease transmission in a region where I. scapularis range expansion, induced by climate and land use changes, is likely to have increasing public health implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5040173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T09:59:47Z","timestamp":1605693587000},"page":"173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Microbiome Composition and Borrelia Detection in Ixodes scapularis Ticks at the Northwestern Edge of Their Range"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6796-4221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet L. H.","family":"Sperling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2117-9340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Agri-Food Laboratories, 6909-116 Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 4P2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5148-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix A. H.","family":"Sperling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9331-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine E.","family":"Magor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00490","article-title":"Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Caribbean: Current Understanding and Future Directions for More Comprehensive Surveillance","volume":"7","author":"Gondard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. 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