{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:55:51Z","timestamp":1793660151079,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":279,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is increasing evidence that human movement facilitates the global spread of resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. We systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of travel on the dissemination of AMR. We searched the databases Medline, EMBASE and SCOPUS from database inception until the end of June 2019. Of the 3052 titles identified, 2253 articles passed the initial screening, of which 238 met the inclusion criteria. The studies covered 30,060 drug-resistant isolates from 26 identified bacterial species. Most were enteric, accounting for 65% of the identified species and 92% of all documented isolates. High-income countries were more likely to be recipient nations for AMR originating from middle- and low-income countries. The most common origin of travellers with resistant bacteria was Asia, covering 36% of the total isolates. Beta-lactams and quinolones were the most documented drug-resistant organisms, accounting for 35% and 31% of the overall drug resistance, respectively. Medical tourism was twice as likely to be associated with multidrug-resistant organisms than general travel. International travel is a vehicle for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance globally. Health systems should identify recent travellers to ensure that adequate precautions are taken.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1611196565000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Travel-Related Antimicrobial Resistance: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Bokhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"University Medical Center, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Jamiah, Makkah, Makkah Region 24243, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-915X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisna N. A.","family":"Pangesti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harunor","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Kids Research, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0020-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moataz","family":"Abd El Ghany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3828-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant A.","family":"Hill-Cawthorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015). Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2014). Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2016). The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020, December 01). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/threat-report-2013\/pdf\/ar-threats-2013\u2013508.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2014). The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a Crisis for the Future Health and Wealth of Nations."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00473-0","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"387","author":"Holmes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fouz, N., Pangesti, K.N.A., Yasir, M., Al-Malki, A.L., Azhar, E.I., Hill-Cawthorne, G.A., and Abd El Ghany, M. (2020). The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5010033"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Agricultural use of antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria","volume":"159","author":"Khachatourians","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks214","article-title":"The role of international travel in the worldwide spread of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"67","author":"Pitout","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01156","article-title":"Antimicrobial Medicines Consumption in Eastern Europeand Central Asia\u2014An Updated Cross-National Study and Assessment of Quantitative Metrics for Policy Action","volume":"9","author":"Robertson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhussupova, G., Skvirskaya, G., Reshetnikov, V., Dragojevic-Simic, V., Rancic, N., Utepova, D., and Jakovljevic, M. (2020). The Evaluation of Antibiotic Consumption at the Inpatient Level in Kazakhstan from 2011 to 2018. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020057"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585832","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.585832","article-title":"Rapid Assessment of Price Instability and Paucity of Medicines and Protection for COVID-19 Across Asia: Findings and Public Health Implications for the Future","volume":"8","author":"Godman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"521","article-title":"Evolution of the Serbian pharmaceutical market alongside socioeconomic transition","volume":"15","author":"Jakovljevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Pharm. Outcomes Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00157","article-title":"Risks in Antibiotic Substitution Following Medicine Shortage: A Health-Care Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of Six European Hospitals","volume":"7","author":"Godman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"World Tourism Organization (2018). UNWTO Annual Report 2017, United Nations World Tourism Organization."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"World Tourism Organization (2019). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, January 2019, United Nations World Tourism Organization."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70861-8","article-title":"Infectious risks of medical tourism","volume":"14","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2018). Population Statistics: Time Series, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.12.001","article-title":"Refugees and antimicrobial resistance: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Ghorab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakovljevic, M., Al Ahdab, S., Jurisevic, M., and Mouselli, S. (2018). Antibiotic Resistance in Syria: A Local Problem Turns into a Global Threat. Front. Public Health, 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00212"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-018-0348-7","article-title":"Population aging and migration\u2013History and UN forecasts in the EU-28 and its east and south near neighborhood\u2013One century perspective 1950\u20132050","volume":"14","author":"Jakovljevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70223-1","article-title":"Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world","volume":"11","author":"Alirol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410180094036","article-title":"Group a meningococcal carriage in travelers returning from Saudi Arabia","volume":"260","author":"Moore","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10392","article-title":"Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic","volume":"477","author":"Mutreja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Global Task Force on Cholera Control (2017). Ending Cholera A Global Roadmap to 2030, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.04.007","article-title":"Meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings","volume":"47","author":"Yezli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30319-X","article-title":"Import and spread of extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by international travellers (COMBAT study): A prospective, multicentre cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Arcilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku174","article-title":"Emergence of trimethoprim resistance gene dfrG in Staphylococcus aureus causing human infection and colonization in sub-Saharan Africa and its import to Europe","volume":"69","author":"Nurjadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.01.016","article-title":"Skin and soft tissue infections in intercontinental travellers and the import of multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Europe","volume":"21","author":"Nurjadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.08.021","article-title":"Predominance of dfrG as determinant of trimethoprim resistance in imported Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"21","author":"Nurjadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.09.023","article-title":"Import of community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Europe through skin and soft-tissue infection in intercontinental travellers, 2011\u20132016","volume":"25","author":"Nurjadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1031-y","article-title":"Colonisation with Escherichia coli resistant to \u201ccritically important\u201d antibiotics: A high risk for international travellers","volume":"29","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1584-z","article-title":"Prolonged carriage of resistant E. coli by returned travellers: Clonality, risk factors and bacterial characteristics","volume":"31","author":"Rogers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr041","article-title":"Variation in the genetic environments of blaCTX-M-15 in Escherichia coli from the faeces of travellers returning to the United Kingdom","volume":"66","author":"Dhanji","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.026","article-title":"In vitro activity of rifaximin against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and other enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from travellers returning to the UK","volume":"43","author":"Hopkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2017.06.008","article-title":"Emergence of drug resistant bacteria at the Hajj: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Leangapichart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Wells, G., Shea, B., O\u2019Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M., and Tugwell, P. (2020, December 01). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. Available online: http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modesti, P.A., Reboldi, G., Cappuccio, F.P., Agyemang, C., Remuzzi, G., Rapi, S., Perruolo, E., Parati, G., and The European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Cardiovascular Risk in Low Resource Settings (2016). Panethnic Differences in Blood Pressure in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147601"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2017-110853","article-title":"Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports","volume":"23","author":"Murad","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Evid. Based Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004103","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of melioidosis? A case of acute pulmonary melioidosis with fatal outcome imported from Brazil","volume":"133","author":"Aardema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.20.2668","article-title":"Laboratory-based surveillance of Salmonella serotype Typhi infections in the United States: Antimicrobial resistance on the rise","volume":"283","author":"Ackers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adelman, M.W., Johnson, J.H., Hohmann, E.L., and Gandhi, R.T. (2017). Ovarian endometrioma superinfected with Salmonella: Case report and review of the literature. Open Forum Infect. Dis., 4.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx048"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ageevets, V., Sopova, J., Lazareva, I., Malakhova, M., Ilina, E., Kostryukova, E., Babenko, V., Carattoli, A., Lobzin, Y., and Uskov, A. (2017). Genetic environment of the blaKPC-2 gene in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate that may have been imported to Russia from Southeast Asia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01856-16"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.05.004","article-title":"Emergence of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Saint Petersburg, Russia","volume":"44","author":"Ageevets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V45N7p297","article-title":"Enteric Fever in a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital: A Retrospective Six-Year Review","volume":"45","author":"Chong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Acad Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00297-13","article-title":"Gram-negative bacteria that produce carbapenemases causing death attributed to recent foreign hospitalization","volume":"57","author":"Chandran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00676-08","article-title":"Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase production in a Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi strain from the Philippines","volume":"46","author":"Zwart","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"133","article-title":"Outbreak of Shigella sonnei in a rural hotel in La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain","volume":"8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1803.111281","article-title":"Escherichia coli O104:H4 infections and international travel","volume":"18","author":"Alexander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.12.019","article-title":"Outbreak of a South West Pacific clone Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a UK neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"80","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12194","article-title":"Delayed diagnosis of high drug-resistant microorganisms carriage in repatriated patients: Three cases in a French intensive care unit","volume":"22","author":"Allyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allyn, J., Coolen-Allou, N., De Parseval, B., Galas, T., Belmonte, O., Allou, N., and Miltgen, G. (2018). Medical evacuation from abroad of critically ill patients: A case report and ethical issues. Medicine, 97.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012516"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.100999","article-title":"Foreign travel and decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Salmonella enterica infections","volume":"17","author":"Hewson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12220","article-title":"Risk Factors for Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Among Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit After Returning From Abroad","volume":"22","author":"Angue","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.82.322","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei colonization in India by sentinel surveillance in a Japanese quarantine station","volume":"82","author":"Arai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12151","article-title":"Recurrent furunculosis in returning travelers: Newly defined entity","volume":"22","author":"Artzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00002-X","article-title":"Intercontinental dissemination of azithromycin-resistant shigellosis through sexual transmission: A cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2004.131063","article-title":"Travel-associated antimicrobial drug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonellae, 2004\u20132009","volume":"20","author":"Barlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bathoorn, E., Friedrich, A.W., Zhou, K., Arends, J.P., Borst, D.M., Grundmann, H., and Rossen, J.W. (2013). Latent introduction to the Netherlands of multiple antibiotic resistance including NDM-1 after hospitalisation in Egypt, August 2013. Eurosurveillance, 18.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.42.20610"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6551","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00933-15","article-title":"The Human Gut Microbiome as a Transporter of Antibiotic Resistance Genes between Continents","volume":"59","author":"Angelin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00731-16","article-title":"Travelers can import colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including those possessing the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene","volume":"60","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O887","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12604","article-title":"Introduction of highly resistant bacteria into a hospital via patients repatriated or recently hospitalized in a foreign country","volume":"20","author":"Birgand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3014-8","article-title":"Emerging multidrug-resistant Bengal Bay clone ST772-MRSA-V in Norway: Molecular epidemiology 2004\u20132014","volume":"36","author":"Blomfeldt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00243.x","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in two scuba divers returning from the Philippines","volume":"15","author":"Bochet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2013202824","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-202824","article-title":"Mycotic aneurysm caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in a previously healthy returning traveller","volume":"2014","author":"Bodilsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"191","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter infections in travellers returning from the tropics with fever and diarrhoea","volume":"66","author":"Bottieau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Belg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.243","article-title":"Etiology of acute diarrhea among United States military personnel deployed to South America and west Africa","volume":"48","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"318","article-title":"Importation and domestic transmission of Shigella sonnei resistant to ciprofloxacin\u2014United States, May 2014\u2013February 2015","volume":"64","author":"Bowen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky416","article-title":"Results from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program for detection of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter spp. in Canadian hospitals, 2010\u20132016","volume":"74","author":"Boyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.180500","article-title":"CTX-M-65 Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serotype Infantis, United States","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.10.3934-3939.2004","article-title":"Mechanism of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in Salmonella clinical isolates causing traveler\u2019s diarrhea","volume":"48","author":"Cabrera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2008.11.016","article-title":"Characterization of the enzyme aac(3)-id in a clinical isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Haifa causing traveler\u2019s diarrhea","volume":"27","author":"Cabrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme Collaborators (2002). Ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni: Case-case analysis as a tool for elucidating risks at home and abroad. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 50, 561\u2013568.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf173"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.67.490","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Korea and travel-associated cases from east and southeast Asian countries","volume":"67","author":"Cha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"299","article-title":"The perils of medical tourism: NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli causing febrile neutropenia in a medical tourist","volume":"52","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Singap. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.12.003","article-title":"The characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae that produce KPC-2 imported from Greece","volume":"75","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6801a3","article-title":"Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella Typhi Infections Among Travelers to or from Pakistan\u2014United States, 2016\u20132018","volume":"68","author":"Medalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2174\/1874279301105010107","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Uppsala County, Sweden","volume":"5","author":"Christenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10592","article-title":"The growing burden of multidrugresistant infections among returned Australian travellers","volume":"200","author":"Chua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.2.351-353.1993","article-title":"Colonization by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in travelers with and without diarrhea","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.07.022","article-title":"Rapidly growing Mycobacterium infections after cosmetic surgery in medical tourists: The Bronx experience and a review of the literature","volume":"63","author":"Cusumano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.11.013","article-title":"Do probiotics prevent colonization with multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae during travel? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Dall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1086\/315397","article-title":"Traveler\u2019s diarrhea at sea: Three outbreaks of waterborne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on cruise ships","volume":"181","author":"Daniels","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw232","article-title":"Changing Patterns in Enteric Fever Incidence and Increasing Antibiotic Resistance of Enteric Fever Isolates in the United States, 2008\u20132012","volume":"63","author":"Date","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000484","article-title":"What were the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever in London 2005\u20132012?","volume":"66","author":"Dave","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw371","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O157 and O26 isolated from human cases of diarrhoeal disease in England, 2015","volume":"72","author":"Day","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Decousser, J.W., Jansen, C., Nordmann, P., Emirian, A., Bonnin, R.A., Anais, L., Merle, J.C., and Poirel, L. (2013). Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in France, January to May 2013. Eurosurveillance, 18.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.31.20547"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki379","article-title":"Polyclonal emergence and importation of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains harbouring Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes in Belgium","volume":"56","author":"Denis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Ruscio, F., Bj\u00f8rnholt, J.V., Leegaard, T.M., Moen, A.E.F., and De Blasio, B.F. (2017). MRSA infections in Norway: A study of the temporal evolution, 2006\u20132015. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179771"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-6-20","article-title":"Laboratory based surveillance of travel-related Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in Alberta from 2002 to 2007","volume":"6","author":"Drews","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02994.x","article-title":"First international spread and dissemination of the virulent Queensland community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain","volume":"16","author":"Ellington","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engsbro, A.L., Riis Jespersen, H.S., Goldschmidt, M.I., Mollerup, S., Worning, P., Pedersen, M.S., Westh, H., and Schneider, U.V. (2019). Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in a pregnant traveller returning from Karachi, Pakistan to Denmark, 2019. Eurosurveillance, 24.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.21.1900289"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12211","article-title":"High Rate of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Carriage and Infection in Hospitalized Returning Travelers: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study","volume":"22","author":"Epelboin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espenhain, L., J\u00f8rgensen, S.B., Leegaard, T.M., Lelek, M.M., H\u00e4nsgen, S.H., Nakstad, B., Sunde, M., and Steinbakk, M. (2018). Travel to Asia is a strong predictor for carriage of cephalosporin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp. but does not explain everything; Prevalence study at a Norwegian hospital 2014\u20132016. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0429-7"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0039","article-title":"First Description of blaNDM-7 Carried on an IncX4 Plasmid in Escherichia coli ST679 Isolated in Spain","volume":"24","author":"Espinal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp179","article-title":"Risk factors for ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter infection in Wales","volume":"64","author":"Evans","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eyre, D.W., Town, K., Street, T., Barker, L., Sanderson, N., Cole, M.J., Mohammed, H., Pitt, R., Gobin, M., and Irish, C. (2019). Detection in the United Kingdom of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, October to December 2018. Eurosurveillance, 24.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.10.1900147"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i11.2086","article-title":"Severe infection with multidrug-resistant Salmonella choleraesuis in a young patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"23","author":"Ferstl","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2004.13647","article-title":"Bacterial Colonization of Patients Undergoing International Air Transport: A Prospective Epidemiologic Study","volume":"11","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.05.006","article-title":"Non-toxigenic penicillin-resistant cutaneous C. diphtheriae infection: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.03.009","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing- Enterobacteriaceae in French military and civilian travelers: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"23","author":"Flateau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20311","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.45.20311-en","article-title":"Recurrent pyelonephritis due to NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient returning from Serbia, France, 2012","volume":"17","author":"Flateau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2012.02.004","article-title":"Lactococcus garvieae multi-valve infective endocarditis in a traveler returning from South Korea","volume":"10","author":"Fleming","year":"2012","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frickmann, H., Wiemer, D., Frey, C., Hagen, R.M., Hinz, R., Podbielski, A., K\u00f6ller, T., and Warnke, P. (2016). Low Enteric Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Soldiers Returning from Deployments- Experience from the Years 2007\u20132015. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162129"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix624","article-title":"Increasing Campylobacter Infections, Outbreaks, and Antimicrobial Resistance in the United States, 2004\u20132012","volume":"65","author":"Geissler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1706.110161","article-title":"Vibrio cholerae in traveler from Haiti to Canada","volume":"17","author":"Gilmour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110022","article-title":"CTX-M-15-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as cause of travelers\u2019 diarrhea","volume":"17","author":"Guiral","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.131744","article-title":"Cefotaxime-resistant Salmonella enterica in travelers returning from Thailand to Finland","volume":"20","author":"Gunell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1086\/587894","article-title":"Laboratory-based surveillance of paratyphoid fever in the United States: Travel and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020227","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates in travelers returning to Finland: Association of ciprofloxacin resistance to travel destination","volume":"9","author":"Hakanen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010613","article-title":"Reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serotypes in travelers returning from Southeast Asia","volume":"7","author":"Hakanen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12571","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky recovered from human clinical cases in Maryland, USA (2011\u20132015)","volume":"66","author":"Haley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz182","article-title":"Emergence and spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New South Wales, Australia: Lessons from history","volume":"74","author":"Hanrahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1139\/w98-012","article-title":"Molecular characterization of multiresistant strains of Salmonella typhi from South Asia isolated in Ontario, Canada","volume":"44","author":"Harnett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.67.120","article-title":"Isolation of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 from an overseas traveler returning to Japan","volume":"67","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2004.131536","article-title":"Salmonella subtypes with increased MICs for azithromycin in travelers returned to The Netherlands","volume":"20","author":"Hassing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1878-9","article-title":"Decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi infections in ill-returned travellers: The impact on clinical outcome and future treatment options","volume":"32","author":"Hassing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.026","article-title":"Analysis of mechanisms involved in reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A isolates from travellers to Southeast Asia","volume":"37","author":"Hassing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008862","article-title":"Emerging resistance to newer antimicrobial agents among Shigella isolated from Finnish foreign travellers","volume":"136","author":"Haukka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00306","article-title":"Characterization of Diarrheagenic Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Danish Adults-Antibiotic Treatment Does Not Reduce Duration of Diarrhea","volume":"8","author":"Engberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05943-11","article-title":"Characterization of isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Stanley, a serovar endemic to Asia and associated with travel","volume":"50","author":"Hendriksen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03104-14","article-title":"Genomic dissection of travel-associated extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates originating from the philippines: A one-off occurrence or a threat to effective treatment of typhoid fever?","volume":"53","author":"Hendriksen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02909-15","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in different diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes responsible for complicated, noncomplicated, and traveler\u2019s diarrhea cases","volume":"60","author":"Llorente","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20085","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.07.20085-en","article-title":"NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a patient repatriated to the Czech Republic from Egypt, July 2011","volume":"17","author":"Hrabak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110076589","article-title":"Emergence of trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli in healthy persons in the absence of prophylactic or therapeutic antibiotics during travel to Guadalajara, Mexico","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.08.004","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in international medical conference attendees","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0735-4","article-title":"Primary skin melioidosis in a returning traveler","volume":"43","author":"Huber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0732-6","article-title":"Increasing rates and clinical consequences of nalidixic acid-resistant isolates causing enteric fever in returned travellers: An 18-year experience","volume":"28","author":"Hume","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2011.00546.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in three returning travelers evacuated from Algeria, Thailand, and Turkey after hospitalization in local intensive care units","volume":"18","author":"Hussenet","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huynh, J., Vosu, J., Marais, B.J., and Britton, P.N. (2019). Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis in a returned traveller. J. Paediatr. Child. Health.","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14387"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz005","article-title":"Co-circulation of multidrug-resistant Shigella among men who have sex with men, Australia","volume":"69","author":"Ingle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.07.003","article-title":"First outbreak of colonization by linezolid- and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium harbouring the cfr gene in a UK nephrology unit","volume":"97","author":"Inkster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix045","article-title":"Intestinal Carriage of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Healthy US Children","volume":"7","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Infect. Dis. Soc."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000145846.45781.a4","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Hawaii, 1990\u20132000: Role of foreign importation and increasing endemic spread","volume":"31","author":"Iverson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex. Transm Dis."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.011809-0","article-title":"Characterization of Shigella sonnei isolates from travel-associated cases in Japan","volume":"58","author":"Izumiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamal, W.Y., Albert, M.J., and Rotimi, V.O. (2016). High prevalence of New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producers among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Kuwait. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152638"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2012.32.5.366","article-title":"Quinolone-resistant Shigella flexneri isolated in a patient who travelled to India","volume":"32","author":"Jeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1086\/338834","article-title":"Prevalence of enteric pathogens among international travelers with diarrhea acquired in Kenya (Mombasa), India (Goa), or Jamaica (Montego Bay)","volume":"185","author":"Jiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansen, T.B., Scheffer, L., Jensen, V.K., Bohlin, J., and Feruglio, S.L. (2018). Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial resistance in Brucella melitensis from a Norwegian perspective. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26906-3"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.896031","article-title":"High prevalence of faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Norwegian patients with gastroenteritis","volume":"46","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2012.00668.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacteria among patients treated in foreign hospitals: Management considerations during medical repatriation","volume":"20","author":"Josseaume","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu957","article-title":"Antimicrobials increase travelers\u2019 risk of colonization by extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"60","author":"Kantele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2017.01.003","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone antibiotic users select fluoroquinolone-resistant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE)\u2014Data of prospective traveller study","volume":"16","author":"Kantele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12507","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in human non-typhoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States","volume":"65","author":"Karp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaspar, T., Schweiger, A., Droz, S., and Marschall, J. (2015). Colonization with resistant microorganisms in patients transferred from abroad: Who needs to be screened?. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control, 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-015-0071-6"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S279","DOI":"10.1086\/381597","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections: Eating poultry outside of the home and foreign travel are risk factors","volume":"38","author":"Kassenborg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khawaja, T., Kirveskari, J., Johansson, S., V\u00e4is\u00e4nen, J., Djupsj\u00f6backa, A., Nevalainen, A., and Kantele, A. (2017). Patients hospitalized abroad as importers of multiresistant bacteria\u2014A cross-sectional study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.003"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.150363","article-title":"Outbreak of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to Vietnam, Republic of Korea","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/594712","article-title":"Fever and abdominal pain in a returning traveller","volume":"21","author":"Kishore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.026","article-title":"Increase in the prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and clonal shift in community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing skin and soft-tissue infections in the Rhine-Neckar Region, Germany, 2012\u20132016","volume":"53","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00105-18","article-title":"Emergence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Clone Harboring a Promiscuous Plasmid Encoding Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Third-Generation Cephalosporins","volume":"9","author":"Klemm","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14198","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of intestinal Escherichia coli in men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsies: A prospective, registered, multicentre study","volume":"122","author":"Knaapila","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.7.1100","article-title":"First imported case of skin infection caused by PVL-positive ST30 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone in a returning Korean traveler from the Philippines","volume":"28","author":"Ko","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2409.180164","article-title":"Emergence of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, South-Central Ontario, Canada","volume":"24","author":"Kohler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2015.12.010","article-title":"Melioidosis acquired by a traveler from Papua New Guinea","volume":"14","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1205-1209.2005","article-title":"Analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns associated with international travel","volume":"43","author":"Kubota","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1086\/669093","article-title":"Protracted outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii after intercontinental transfer of colonized patients","volume":"34","author":"Landelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1018","article-title":"Travel Destinations and Sexual Behavior as Indicators of Antibiotic Resistant Shigella Strains-Victoria, Australia","volume":"62","author":"Lane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2507.181492","article-title":"Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Dynamics in International Travelers","volume":"25","author":"Langelier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01381-07","article-title":"Epidemiology of European community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 80 type IV strains isolated in Denmark from 1993 to 2004","volume":"46","author":"Larsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.09.034","article-title":"Community-onset extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli: Importance of international travel","volume":"57","author":"Laupland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2013.06.004","article-title":"Colonisation with multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalised Danish patients with a history of recent travel: A cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Lausch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir409","article-title":"International spread of an epidemic population of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 resistant to ciprofloxacin","volume":"204","author":"Hendriksen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2013.33.2.141","article-title":"CTX-M-55-type extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Shigella sonnei isolated from a Korean patient who had travelled to China","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2016.0026","article-title":"Surveillance for travel and domestically acquired multidrug-resistant human Shigella infections\u2014Pennsylvania, 2006\u20132014","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Secur."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.080849","article-title":"Reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica isolates from travelers, Finland","volume":"15","author":"Lindgren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02298-12","article-title":"Complete sequence of an IncN plasmid, pIMP-HZ1, carrying blaIMP-4 in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain associated with medical travel to China","volume":"57","author":"Lo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.12.001","article-title":"Colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in international travelers returning to Germany","volume":"305","author":"Lubbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.06.006","article-title":"Extensively-drug-resistant bacteria carriers among overseas travellers: One-third had not been hospitalized previously","volume":"52","author":"Macaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-0008-8","article-title":"Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Germany associated with travel or foreign family origin","volume":"24","author":"Maier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx462","article-title":"Characterization of OXA-48-like carbapenemase producers in Canada, 2011\u201314","volume":"73","author":"Mataseje","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02591-15","article-title":"Colistin-Nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 654 with blaNDM-1 Arrives in North America","volume":"60","author":"Mataseje","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mawatari, M., Kato, Y., Hayakawa, K., Morita, M., Yamada, K., Mezaki, K., Kobayashi, T., Fujiya, Y., Kutsuna, S., and Takeshita, N. (2013). Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A carrying CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase isolated from a Japanese traveller returning from India, Japan, July 2013. Eurosurveillance, 18.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.46.20632"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3201\/eid\/1706.100594","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi, United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"17","author":"Medalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit723","article-title":"A large outbreak of Salmonella Paratyphi A infection among Israeli travelers to Nepal","volume":"58","author":"Meltzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp178","article-title":"Evolution of antimicrobial resistance in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli causing traveller\u2019s diarrhoea","volume":"64","author":"Pitart","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01903.x","article-title":"Quinolone resistance among Shigella spp. isolated from travellers returning from India","volume":"14","author":"Mensa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.6.633","article-title":"Typhoid fever in the United States, 1985\u20131994: Changing risks of international travel and increasing antimicrobial resistance","volume":"158","author":"Mermin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0324-8","article-title":"Pet animals and foreign travel are risk factors for colonisation with extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli","volume":"40","author":"Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_181","first-page":"10A","article-title":"Canada\u2019s first case of a multi-drug resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae, isolated from a skin abscess","volume":"22","author":"Mina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1243-6","article-title":"Dalbavancin for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy of skin and soft tissue infections in a returning traveller: Proposal for novel treatment indications","volume":"129","author":"Mischlinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mittal, J., Szymczak, W.A., Guo, Y., Levi, M.H., Chen, L., Kreiswirth, B.N., Riska, P.F., and Nori, P. (2018). Two for the price of one: Emerging carbapenemases in a returning traveller to New York City. BMJ Case Rep., 2018.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225440"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0826","article-title":"Determinants of multidrug resistance among previously treated tuberculosis patients in Zimbabwe, 2014","volume":"21","author":"Muchena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000854","article-title":"Characterization of a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:-harbouring mcr-3.2 on a variant IncHI-2 plasmid identified in Canada","volume":"67","author":"Mulvey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.4.515","article-title":"Emergence of resistant fecal Escherichia coli in travelers not taking prophylactic antimicrobial agents","volume":"34","author":"Murray","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mutters, N.T., Gunther, F., Sander, A., Mischnik, A., and Frank, U. (2015). Influx of multidrug-resistant organisms by country-to-country transfer of patients. BMC Infect. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1173-8"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01277.x","article-title":"Analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in Shigella spp. causing travellers\u2019 diarrhoea","volume":"11","author":"Navia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2003.10.007","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the integrons in Shigella strains isolated from patients with traveler\u2019s diarrhea","volume":"48","author":"Navia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.08.017","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacteria in travellers hospitalized abroad: Prevalence, characteristics, and influence on clinical outcome","volume":"82","author":"Nemeth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06194-11","article-title":"Genotypes and antibiotic resistances of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from domestic and travel-associated human cases","volume":"78","author":"Niederer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuesch-Inderbinen, M., Abgottspon, H., Sagesser, G., Cernela, N., and Stephan, R. (2015). Antimicrobial susceptibility of travel-related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates detected in Switzerland (2002\u20132013) and molecular characterization of quinolone resistant isolates. BMC Infect. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0948-2"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw419","article-title":"Community carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli is associated with strains of low pathogenicity: A Swedish nationwide study","volume":"72","author":"Ny","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu505","article-title":"Quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype EnteritiDis. infections associated with international travel","volume":"59","author":"Vieira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"599","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever in Singapore","volume":"35","author":"Oh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Singap. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.71.18","article-title":"Epidemiological approach to the prevention of imported infectious diseases in the age of globalization","volume":"71","author":"Ohtaka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410021090","article-title":"VTEC O117:K1:H7 A new clonal group of E. coli associated with persistent diarrhoea in Danish travellers","volume":"37","author":"Olesen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt167","article-title":"Travel-associated faecal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"68","author":"Nilsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-3336","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a child with cystic fibrosis: Acquisition in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"140","author":"Torres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00739-10","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens isolated from international travelers to Mexico, Guatemala, and India from 2006 to 2008","volume":"55","author":"Jafri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130257","article-title":"Extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among travelers from the Netherlands","volume":"19","author":"Paltansing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2010.00475.x","article-title":"Travelers\u2019 diarrhea in Nepal: An update on the pathogens and antibiotic resistance","volume":"18","author":"Pandey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90662-4","article-title":"Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections in US travellers to Mexico, 1988","volume":"2","author":"Parsonnet","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0007","article-title":"Imported enteric fever: Case series from the hospital for tropical diseases, London, United Kingdom","volume":"82","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1702.101313","article-title":"New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase from traveler returning to Canada","volume":"17","author":"Peirano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.10.012","article-title":"Gut microbiota dynamics in travelers returning from India colonized with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00061-09","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of travel-related extended-spectrum-b-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from the Calgary Health Region","volume":"53","author":"Pitout","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pommelet, V., Mariani, P., Basmaci, R., Tourdjman, M., Morin, L., Gaschignard, J., de Lauzanne, A., Lemaitre, C., Bonacorsi, S., and Faye, A. (2018). Enteric fever among children: 50 cases in a French tertiary care centre. J. Travel Med., 25.","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay059"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2013.06.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. causing traveller\u2019s diarrhoea (1995\u20132010): A retrospective analysis","volume":"11","author":"Pons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00239.x","article-title":"Imported typhoid fever with hepatitis from Bangladesh: A case of delayed response to ceftriaxone?","volume":"15","author":"Pontali","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.10.002","article-title":"The epidemiology of travelers\u2019 diarrhea in Incirlik, Turkey: A region with a predominance of heat-stabile toxin producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"66","author":"Porter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3032-6","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility profiles among Campylobacter isolates obtained from international travelers between 2007 and 2014","volume":"36","author":"Post","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.10.004","article-title":"First report of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae imported from Africa to Italy: Evidence of the need for continuous surveillance","volume":"8","author":"Principe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinheimer, C., Kempf, V.A., Jozsa, K., Wichelhaus, T.A., Hogardt, M., O\u2019Rourke, F., and Brandt, C. (2017). Prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in refugee patients, medical tourists and domestic patients admitted to a German university hospital. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2105-y"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv441","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Amsterdam","volume":"71","author":"Reuland","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301867","article-title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of international travel-associated Campylobacter infections in the United States, 2005\u20132011","volume":"104","author":"Ricotta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0035","article-title":"Molecular Investigation of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter spp. from Hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany","volume":"23","author":"Rieber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1807.120063","article-title":"Potential international spread of multidrug-resistant invasive Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis","volume":"18","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0063","article-title":"Treatment options for New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-harboring Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"19","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_567.x","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. causing traveler\u2019s diarrhea","volume":"115","author":"Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Immunologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ333","article-title":"High Rate of Acquisition but Short Duration of Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae After Travel to the Tropics","volume":"61","author":"Ruppe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx170","article-title":"Comparison of phenotypic and WGS-derived antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella sonnei isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in England and Wales, 2015","volume":"72","author":"Sadouki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815001648","article-title":"Increase in paratyphoid fever cases in Japanese travellers returning from Cambodia in 2013","volume":"144","author":"Saitoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00356-4","article-title":"Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a young child after travel to India","volume":"15","author":"Ordonez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuelsen, \u00d8., Overballe-Petersen, S., Bj\u00f8rnholt, J.V., Brisse, S., Doumith, M., Woodford, N., Hopkins, K.L., Aasn\u00e6s, B., Haldorsen, B., and Sundsfjord, A. (2017). Molecular and epidemiological characterization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Norway, 2007 to 2014. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187832"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.03.002","article-title":"Acquisition and colonization dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria during international travel: A prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Schaumburg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00194.x","article-title":"Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus as a cause for recurrent, contagious skin infections in young, healthy travelers returned from a tropical country: A new worldwide public health problem?","volume":"15","author":"Schleucher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02289-15","article-title":"Epidemiologic and genotypic review of carbapenemase-producing organisms in British Columbia, Canada, between 2008 and 2014","volume":"54","author":"Sekirov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.08.016","article-title":"Diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC22-MRSA-IV from Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region","volume":"51","author":"Senok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharafeldin, E., Soonawala, D., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Hack, E., and Visser, L.G. (2010). Health risks encountered by Dutch medical students during an elective in the tropics and the quality and comprehensiveness of pre-and post-travel care. BMC Med. Educ, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-10-89"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S458","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis230","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella isolates in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites, 2000\u20132010","volume":"54","author":"Shiferaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01395-15","article-title":"First Report and Molecular Characterization of a Campylobacter jejuni Isolate with Extensive Drug Resistance from a Travel-Associated Human Case","volume":"59","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.idc.0000161513.56749.89","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a returned traveler","volume":"13","author":"Shrestha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siira, L., Naseer, U., Alfsnes, K., Hermansen, N.O., Lange, H., and Brandal, L.T. (2019). Whole genome sequencing of Salmonella Chester reveals geographically distinct clusters, Norway, 2000 to 2016. Eurosurveillance, 24.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.4.1800186"},{"key":"ref_235","first-page":"20120119","article-title":"Outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 among French tourists returning from Turkey, September 2011","volume":"17","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e029000","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029000","article-title":"Carrier prevalence and risk factors for colonisation of multiresistant bacteria in Danish emergency departments: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"9","author":"Mogensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O636","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12592","article-title":"Extended spectrum b-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli faecal carriage in Spanish travellers returning from tropical and subtropical countries","volume":"20","author":"Sole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1602.081655","article-title":"Imported methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Sweden","volume":"16","author":"Stenhem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.11.012","article-title":"International travel is a risk factor for extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae acquisition in children: A case-case-control study in an urban U.S. hospital","volume":"14","author":"Strysko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-7-12","article-title":"Imported PER-1 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PER-1 producing Acinetobacter baumanii and VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Hungary","volume":"7","author":"Szabo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2009.312","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella isolated from patients with overseas travelers\u2019 diarrhea in Japan","volume":"62","author":"Taguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.160148","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infections in patients with pyelonephritis, United States","volume":"22","author":"Talan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00220-10","article-title":"Foreign travel is a major risk factor for colonization with Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-type extended-spectrum b-lactamases: A prospective study with Swedish volunteers","volume":"54","author":"Tangden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0252","article-title":"Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus infections in returning travelers","volume":"83","author":"Tappe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02623-10","article-title":"Travel-related Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome caused by emm type 78 Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"49","author":"Tappe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00593-12","article-title":"Molecular typing and resistance analysis of travel-associated Salmonella enterica serotype typhi","volume":"50","author":"Tatavarthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.5.1107","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in the USA: The importance of international travelers","volume":"162","author":"Tauxe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000779","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella dysenteriae isolated from travellers returning to the UK, 2004\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Terry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2011.653582","article-title":"Duration of colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in patients with travellers\u2019 diarrhoea","volume":"44","author":"Tham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.08.029","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Acinetobactor baumannii isolated from a traveler returned from Brunei","volume":"21","author":"Tojo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-014-0348-9","article-title":"Enteric fever imported to the Czech Republic: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility","volume":"60","author":"Trojanek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002680","article-title":"Risk factors for acquisition of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and development of community-acquired urinary tract infections","volume":"146","author":"Ukah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.02.009","article-title":"Proteus mirabilis harboring carbapenemase NDM-5 and ESBL VEB-6 detected in Austria","volume":"91","author":"Valentin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.09.021","article-title":"CTX-M-15-non-ST131 Escherichia coli isolates are mainly responsible of faecal carriage with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in travellers, immigrants and those visiting friends and relatives","volume":"21","author":"Valverde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.11.2668","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates causing traveler\u2019s diarrhea","volume":"38","author":"Vila","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0905.020451","article-title":"Aeromonas spp. and traveler\u2019s diarrhea: Clinical features and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"9","author":"Vila","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1731-1733.2000","article-title":"Quinolone resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli causing diarrhea in travelers to India in comparison with other geographical areas","volume":"44","author":"Vila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-11-996","article-title":"Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller\u2019s diarrhoea: Emergence of quinolone resistance","volume":"50","author":"Vila","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00236.x","article-title":"Trends of norfloxacin and erythromycin resistance of Campylobacter jejuni\/Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from international travelers, 1994 to 2006","volume":"15","author":"Vlieghe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv489","article-title":"Comparative Genomics of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Shows the Emergence of Clone ST8-USA300 in Geneva, Switzerland","volume":"213","author":"Diene","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2004.131718","article-title":"High rates of antimicrobial drug resistance gene acquisition after international travel, The Netherlands","volume":"20","author":"Penders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30004-5","article-title":"A cluster of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients arriving in Europe from the Horn of Africa: A molecular epidemiological study","volume":"18","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.02.003","article-title":"Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae carrying New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase gene (NDM-1) in Taiwan","volume":"76","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2006.05.004","article-title":"Fatal multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis in a patient with travel history and recent onset of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report","volume":"209","author":"Weyrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.10.013","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase- and pAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae among the general population in a livestock-dense area","volume":"23","author":"Wielders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, E., Lew, T.E., Fuller, A., Spelman, D.W., and Jenney, A.W. (2018). A case of multi-drug resistant ESBL-producing Shigella sonnei acute acalculous cholecystitis and gastroenteritis in a returned traveller. J. Travel Med., 25.","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay029"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02012-17","article-title":"Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolates in Australia from 1979 to 2015","volume":"62","author":"Williamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.09.012","article-title":"Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Belgian university hospital after transfer of patients from Greece","volume":"67","author":"Wybo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaita, K., Aoki, K., Suzuki, T., Nakaharai, K., Yoshimura, Y., Harada, S., Ishii, Y., and Tachikawa, N. (2014). Epidemiology of extended-spectrum b-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in the stools of returning Japanese travelers, and the risk factors for colonization. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098000"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5046","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00774-09","article-title":"Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, blaNDM-1, and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India","volume":"53","author":"Yong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manaia, C.M., Donner, E., Vaz-Moreira, I., and Hong, P. (2020). Human Movement and Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment: A Worldwide Overview, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-55065-3"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-020-0717-2","article-title":"Travel, Diarrhea, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Resistance and Practice Guidelines\u2014A Holistic Approach to a Health Conundrum","volume":"22","author":"Riddle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00203.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Infection Among International Travelers Globally","volume":"15","author":"Greenwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00282-0","article-title":"Travellers\u2019 diarrhoea","volume":"21","author":"Ericsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partridge, S.R., Kwong, S.M., Firth, N., and Jensen, S.O. (2018). Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 31.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-17"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir273","article-title":"Country-to-Country Transfer of Patients and the Risk of Multi-Resistant Bacterial Infection","volume":"53","author":"Rogers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2010.10","article-title":"Medical tourism today: What is the state of existing knowledge?","volume":"31","author":"Hopkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Public Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_278","unstructured":"United States Department of Transportation (2019). 2018 Traffic Data for U.S Airlines and Foreign Airlines U.S. Flights."},{"key":"ref_279","unstructured":"The World Bank (2018, October 06). Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP). Available online: https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS."}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/6\/1\/11\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:11:54Z","timestamp":1760159514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/6\/1\/11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]},"references-count":279,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed6010011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed6010011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2414-6366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]}}}