{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:55:25Z","timestamp":1786730125113,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA\u2019s reasons are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:16:02Z","timestamp":1618964162000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8454-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijendra Raj","family":"Raghubanshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karuna D.","family":"Sagili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South East Asia Office, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Wai","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon 15011, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henish","family":"Shakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyanka","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Health Emergencies Programme, Kathmandu 108, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5420-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinath","family":"Satyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South East Asia Office, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bal Man Singh","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). 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