{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:54:10Z","timestamp":1790085250324,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, and Nepal is no exception. Countries are expected to report annually to the World Health Organization on their AMR surveillance progress through a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, in which Nepal enrolled in 2017. We assessed the quality of AMR surveillance data during 2019\u20132020 at nine surveillance sites in Province 3 of Nepal for completeness, consistency, and timeliness and examined barriers for non-reporting sites. Here, we present the results of this cross-sectional descriptive study of secondary AMR data from five reporting sites and barriers identified through a structured questionnaire completed by representatives at the five reporting and four non-reporting sites. Among the 1584 records from the reporting sites assessed for consistency and completeness, 77\u201392% were consistent and 88\u2013100% were complete, with inter-site variation. Data from two sites were received by the 15th day of the following month, whereas receipt was delayed by a mean of 175 days at three other sites. All four non-reporting sites lacked dedicated data personnel, and two lacked computers. The AMR surveillance data collection process needs improvement in completeness, consistency, and timeliness. Non-reporting sites need support to meet the specific requirements for data compilation and sharing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T02:12:57Z","timestamp":1619316777000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyoti","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9756-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Zolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendemagegn","family":"Enbiale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, BahirDar University, 1996 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AI&amp;I), University of Amsterdam, 7057 Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khine Wut Yee","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France and International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Mandalay 11061, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meika","family":"Bhattachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Health Emergencies Unit, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Rijal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basudha","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surendra Kumar","family":"Madhup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8454-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijendra Raj","family":"Raghubanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari Prasad","family":"Kattel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3630-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piyush","family":"Rajbhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parmananda","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paropakar Maternity and Women\u2019s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanti Children\u2019s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipendra Raman","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Standard and Regulation Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runa","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2015). 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