{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:23:51Z","timestamp":1793579031777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health problem. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common bacterium associated with a variety of community and hospital infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounts for most SA related morbidity and mortality. In this study, we determined the prevalence and factors associated with SA and MRSA in Myanmar. Methods: We collected the data retrospectively by reviewing an electronic register containing the results of bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing of biological specimens received from healthcare facilities during 2018\u20132019. Results: Of the 37,798 biological specimens with bacterial culture growth, 22% (8244) were Gram-positive. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, 42% (2801) were SA, of which 48% (1331) were judged as MRSA by phenotypic methods. The prevalence of MRSA was higher in the older age groups, in female patients, in urine specimens and specimens received from the intensive care unit and dermatology departments. One site (Site F) had the highest MRSA prevalence of the seven AMR sentinel sites. Most SA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin (90%) by phenotypic methods. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MRSA indicates a major public health threat. There is an urgent need to strengthen the AMR surveillance and hospital infection control program in Myanmar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1620426984000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Facilities and Its Related Factors in Myanmar (2018\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Pan Ei","family":"Soe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon 11191, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Wai","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon 11191, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karuna D.","family":"Sagili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South East Asia Office, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5420-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinath","family":"Satyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South East Asia Office, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyanka","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Health Emergencies Programme, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Thi","family":"Htoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon 11191, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Htay Htay","family":"Tin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon 11191, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: A global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. 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