{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:35:19Z","timestamp":1788111319394,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease occurring worldwide with reproductive symptoms and production losses in livestock, while humans can suffer fatal renal failure. In Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, there have been several outbreaks with high case fatality, demonstrating the public health importance, but there is limited understanding of the epidemiology. This study used an EcoHealth approach to ensure transdisciplinarity and community participation. Seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals was studied between October 2011 and May 2013 in 15 villages. Serum samples from 1404 cattle and 60 small ruminants were screened by a Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), first in pools, and then the individual positive samples were identified. Focus group discussions including farmers, village officials, and official stakeholders were used to explore knowledge and behavior of zoonotic diseases, particularly leptospirosis. Two small ruminants were seropositive for Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae. From the cattle, 3.7% were seropositive, and the most common serovars were Leptospira hardjo, followed by L. icterohemorrhagiae. Out of all farms, 5.6% had at least one positive cattle. Risk factor analyses showed that the risk of the farm being seropositive increased if the farmer used water from an open source, or if farming was not the main occupation. This study showed the presence of Leptospira spp. in ruminants in Yogyakarta and identified use of open water as a risk factor for the livestock. We also observed that the knowledge related to leptospirosis was low, and risky farm management practices were commonly employed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T06:13:45Z","timestamp":1621491225000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Leptospirosis in Ruminants in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Serological Survey with Mixed Methods to Identify Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Dyah Ayu","family":"Widiasih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"One Health Collaborating Center-Universitas Gadjah Mada (OHCC-UGM), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1175-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna Frida","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayan T.","family":"Artama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Collaborating Center-Universitas Gadjah Mada (OHCC-UGM), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi Heru","family":"Sutomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Collaborating Center-Universitas Gadjah Mada (OHCC-UGM), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pande Made","family":"Kutanegara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Collaborating Center-Universitas Gadjah Mada (OHCC-UGM), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Cultural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guntari Titik","family":"Mulyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estu","family":"Widodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Food, Kulon Progo District, Ministry of Agriculutre Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55652, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjut Sugandawaty","family":"Djohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Collaborating Center-Universitas Gadjah Mada (OHCC-UGM), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.09.011","article-title":"The globalization of leptospirosis: Worldwide incidence trends","volume":"12","author":"Pappas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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