{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:44:03Z","timestamp":1790815443252,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health","award":["APP1193826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1193826"]}]},{"name":"Australian National Health","award":["APP1158469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1158469"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Fellowships","award":["APP1193826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1193826"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Fellowships","award":["APP1158469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1158469"]}]},{"name":"Australian Infectious Diseases Research Center","award":["APP1193826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1193826"]}]},{"name":"Australian Infectious Diseases Research Center","award":["APP1158469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1158469"]}]},{"name":"International Society of Travel Medicine","award":["APP1193826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1193826"]}]},{"name":"International Society of Travel Medicine","award":["APP1158469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1158469"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Until 2022, only six locally transmitted human JE cases had been reported in Australia; five in northern Queensland and one in the Northern Territory. Thus, JE was mainly considered to be a disease of travellers. On 4 March 2022, JE was declared a \u2018Communicable Disease Incident of National Significance\u2019 when a locally acquired human case was confirmed in southern Queensland. By 11 May 2022, 41 human JE cases had been notified in four states in Australia, in areas where JE has never been detected before. From this perspective, we discuss the potential reasons for the recent emergence of the JE virus in Australia in areas where JE has never been previously reported as well as the implications of and options for mass immunisation programs if the outbreak escalates in a JE virus-immunologically na\u00efve population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7060085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1653974742000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The Emergence of Japanese Encephalitis in Australia and the Implications for a Vaccination Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Furuya-Kanamori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayan","family":"Gyawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon E.","family":"Hugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6312-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor J.","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen L.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, May 27). 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