{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:13:05Z","timestamp":1793329985777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) depends not only on that of artemisinin but also on that of partner molecules. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes from isolates collected during a clinical study. Plasmodium genomic DNA samples extracted from symptomatic malaria patients from Dogondoutchi, Niger, were sequenced by the Sanger method to determine mutations in the Pfdhfr (codons 51, 59, 108, and 164), Pfdhps (codons 436, 437, 540, 581, and 613), and Pfmdr1 (codons 86, 184, 1034, and 1246) genes. One hundred fifty-five (155) pre-treatment samples were sequenced for the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes. A high prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr gene was observed at the level of the N51I (84.97%), C59R (92.62%), and S108N (97.39%) codons. The key K540E mutation in the Pfdhps gene was not observed. Only one isolate was found to harbor a mutation at codon I431V. The most common mutation on the Pfmdr1 gene was Y184F in 71.43% of the mutations found, followed by N86Y in 10.20%. The triple-mutant haplotype N51I\/C59R\/S108N (IRN) was detected in 97% of the samples. Single-mutant (ICS and NCN) and double-mutant (IRS, NRN, and ICN) haplotypes were prevalent at 97% and 95%, respectively. Double-mutant haplotypes of the Pfdhps (581 and 613) and Pfmdr (86 and 184) were found in 3% and 25.45% of the isolates studied, respectively. The study focused on the molecular analysis of the sequencing of the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes. Although a high prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr gene have been observed, there is a lack of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine resistance. There is a high prevalence of mutation in the Pfmdr184 codon associated with resistance to amodiaquine. These data will be used by Niger\u2019s National Malaria Control Program to better monitor the resistance of Plasmodium to partner molecules in artemisinin-based combination therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7080155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T23:49:27Z","timestamp":1659397767000},"page":"155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence of Mutations in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 Genes of Malarial Parasites Isolated from Symptomatic Patients in Dogondoutchi, Niger"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ibrahima","family":"Issa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire, Niamey P.O. Box 10887, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahaman Moustapha","family":"Lamine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Zinder, Zinder P.O. Box 656, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Hubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence du Paludisme \u00e0 Paris en France, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Ilagouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey, Niamey P.O. Box 10662, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Adehossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey, Niamey P.O. Box 10662, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboubacar","family":"Mahamadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire, Niamey P.O. Box 10887, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil F.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8306-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demba","family":"Sarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0943-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Shollenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houze","family":"Sandrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence du Paludisme \u00e0 Paris en France, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Jambou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire, Niamey P.O. Box 10887, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5059-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Maman","family":"Laminou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche M\u00e9dicale et Sanitaire, Niamey P.O. Box 10887, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, January 22). Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria, Available online: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/publications\/guidelines-treatment-malaria-third-edition."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, January 22). Etude de la Chimior\u00e9sistance de Plasmodium Falciparum Aux Antipaludiques de Premi\u00e8re Intention et du R\u00f4le de son Polymorphisme Dans la Symptomatology du Paludisme au Burkina. 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Poverty"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/7\/8\/155\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:59:34Z","timestamp":1760140774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/7\/8\/155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed7080155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed7080155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2414-6366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]}}}