{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:57:02Z","timestamp":1778914622668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scholarship Commission"},{"name":"British Society for Parasitology"},{"name":"World Friendship Charity"},{"name":"African Research Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"name":"Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosome eggs cause granulomata and pathological abnormalities, detectable with non-invasive radiological techniques such as ultrasonography which could be useful in male genital schistosomiasis (MGS). As part of our novel MGS study among fishermen along Lake Malawi, we describe pathologies observed on ultrasonography and praziquantel (PZQ) treatment over time. Fishermen aged 18+ years were recruited, submitted urine and semen for parasitological and molecular testing, and thereafter, transabdominal pelvic and scrotal ultrasonography, assessing pathologies in the prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis and testes. Standard PZQ treatment and follow-up invitation at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months\u2019 time-points were offered. A total of 130 recruited fishermen underwent ultrasonography at baseline (median age: 32.0 years); 27 (20.9%, n = 129) had S. haematobium eggs in urine (median: 1.0 egg\/10 mL), 10 (12.3%, n = 81) in semen (defined as MGS, median: 2.9 eggs\/mL ejaculate) and 16 (28.1%, n = 57) had a positive seminal Schistosoma real-time PCR. At baseline, 9 fishermen (6.9%, n = 130) had abnormalities, with 2 positive MGS having prostatic and testicular nodules. Fewer abnormalities were observed on follow-up. In conclusion, pathologies detected in male genitalia by ultrasonography can describe MGS morbidity in those with positive parasitological and molecular findings. Ultrasonography advances and accessibility in endemic areas can support monitoring of pathologies\u2019 resolution after treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7080169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T09:47:06Z","timestamp":1660124826000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pathological Abnormalities Observed on Ultrasonography among Fishermen Associated with Male Genital Schistosomiasis (MGS) along the South Lake Malawi Shoreline in Mangochi District, Malawi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sekeleghe A.","family":"Kayuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"},{"name":"MASM Medi Clinics Limited, Medical Society of Malawi (MASM), Lilongwe P.O. Box 1254, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6399-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Al-Harbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Makaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research for Health, Environment and Development (RHED), Mangochi P.O. Box 345, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boniface","family":"Injesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MASM Medi Clinics Limited, Medical Society of Malawi (MASM), Lilongwe P.O. Box 1254, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bright","family":"Mainga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department, Mangochi District Hospital, Mangochi District Assembly, Mangochi P.O. Box 1854, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanuel","family":"Lampiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Blantyre 312225, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lazarus","family":"Juziwelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths Control Programme, Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe P.O. Box 30377, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. James","family":"LaCourse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Russell","family":"Stothard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","volume":"4","author":"McManus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2018, February 20). Schistosomiasis Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 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