{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:15:51Z","timestamp":1792790151766,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Arag\u00f3n (Spain)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blastocystis sp. is known to be the most prevalent parasite in fecal samples of humans worldwide. In the present report, a case\u2013control study (1:9.89 (\u224810)) was performed, by analyzing data from 3682 patients who attended a public hospital in the northern area of Spain showing gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnosis was performed in human fecal samples by means of optical microscopy. The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was 9.18% (338\/3682). Most of the Blastocystis sp.-infected patients tested negative for protozoa and helminths, and were underweight and foreign-born (26.4%), mainly from Africa and Central\/South America. Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, anorexia, halitosis, plus relative eosinophilia, as well as co-infections with pathogenic bacteria were associated with Blastocystis sp. infection. Both type 2 diabetes and treatment with immunosuppressive medicines at the time of Blastocystis sp. detection were associated with a higher proportion of infected patients. This is the first case\u2013control study of Blastocystis sp. in humans in northern Spain and may contribute to surveillance and intervention strategies by public health authorities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7090226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1662630669000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prevalence and Associated Factors of Blastocystis sp. Infection in Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Spain: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3485-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Matovelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5026-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Tejedor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), CIBERCV, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0210-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Vicente","family":"Monteagudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Service of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7831-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Qu\u00edlez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0447","article-title":"Comparison of Microscopy, Culture, and Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Blastocystis sp. in Clinical Stool Samples","volume":"84","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. 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