{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:27:37Z","timestamp":1791379657340,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Long-Term Research Grant Scheme","award":["203\/PPSP\/6770004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203\/PPSP\/6770004"]}]},{"name":"Long-Term Research Grant Scheme","award":["1001\/PPSP\/812144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PPSP\/812144"]}]},{"name":"Long-Term Research Grant Scheme","award":["304\/PPSP\/6316187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304\/PPSP\/6316187"]}]},{"name":"a Research University","award":["203\/PPSP\/6770004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203\/PPSP\/6770004"]}]},{"name":"a Research University","award":["1001\/PPSP\/812144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PPSP\/812144"]}]},{"name":"a Research University","award":["304\/PPSP\/6316187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304\/PPSP\/6316187"]}]},{"name":"a Bridging","award":["203\/PPSP\/6770004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203\/PPSP\/6770004"]}]},{"name":"a Bridging","award":["1001\/PPSP\/812144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PPSP\/812144"]}]},{"name":"a Bridging","award":["304\/PPSP\/6316187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304\/PPSP\/6316187"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is an important worldwide tropical disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. The determination of virulence genes is important, as it influences patients\u2019 clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes. This case report focused on detecting the pathogenic genes of Leptospira in association with the clinical manifestations of patients at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, who presented with acute febrile illness. Two cases were found and, to the best of our knowledge, these were the first two cases in Malaysia in which patients presented with febrile illness were associated with successful Leptospira isolation from clinical samples. Both clinical isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Leptospira weilii and Leptospira interrogans, respectively, and they were classified as pathogenic Leptospira by the presence of different pathogenic genes, based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of targeted genes. This report emphasizes that different infecting Leptospira species and the presence of different virulence factors cause a slight difference in clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of leptospirosis. Genomic sequencing and annotation revealed the detection of classical leptospiral virulence factor genes that were otherwise missed using PCR for detection of Leptospira weilii genome B208.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7100284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T06:13:27Z","timestamp":1665468807000},"page":"284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Putative Pathogenic Genes of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira weilii Isolated from Patients with Acute Febrile Illness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7012-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira Wahida Mohamad","family":"Safiee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Transfusion Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Queen Elizabeth II, Lorong Bersatu Off Jalan Damai, Kota Kinabalu 88300, Sabah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ridhuan","family":"Mohd Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Complex, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5075-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Zarul Hanifah Md","family":"Zoqratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tan Hock","family":"Siew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chua Wei","family":"Chuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Lih","family":"Huey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Hashairi","family":"Fauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1502-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alwi Muhd","family":"Besari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Yean Yean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9458-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabilah","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1419","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Northeastern Malaysia: Misdiagnosed or coinfection?","volume":"4","author":"Aziah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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